For anyone studying Families and Households in Sociology at A or AS Level, this document provides a thorough companion to your classes and textbook. Lesson 5/8 focuses on Demography, Migration and Globalisation: views, reasons, case studies and evaluations, as well as all key terms and sociologists...
Key Terms:
The population of the UK has been steadily increasing to very
Demography- the study of statistics
high levels.
such as births, death, income, or
incidents that change the structure of Four factors that influence population:
human populations.
- Births
Natural change- the different between
- Death
the number of births and deaths.
- Immigration
Net migration- the difference between
- Emigration
the number of immigrants and
emigrants. Positive natural change means there have been more births and
Total fertility rate (TFR)- average deaths in the considered timeframe.
number of children a woman has in her
lifetime. Pre-1980 population growth was due to natural change.
Post-1980 population growth was due to net migration.
Birth Rate:
The birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 of the population per year.
During times of war, birth rates dropped and death rates increased.
Overall, birth rates are decreasing and death rates are increasing.
Changes in the position of women:
A fall in the number of married women working may have improved their health and that of their
babies.
Decline in infant mortality rate:
Improved services for mothers and children, such as antenatal and postnatal clinics.
Children have become an economic liability:
Laws have banned child labour and increased the school leaving age.
Child centredness:
Parents now have fewer children and pay more attention to these few.
In the UK, the total fertility rate is declining.
In 1950 women were having an average of 4.7 children, however in 2017 women were having an average of
2.4 children.
Niger has the highest total fertility rate at 7.1 due to poor birth control education.
Summary
The demography of birth rates and death rates shows that whilst death rates have slowed in the last
century, they are still higher than the more rapidly decreasing birth rates. Reasons for these
demographical changes include changes in the position of women, decline in infant mortality rates,
children becoming a liability, and a more child-centred society.
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