Thematic timeline for the African-American section of the OCR module, civil rights in the USA . Especially helpful for 25 mark essays, split by theme. Helped achieve A* in 2022 A-level.
Date Social Rights Political Rights Economic Rights
1st Jan 1863 Emancipation Proclamation signed
1865 Civil War has detrimental effects,
especially on southern economy (blamed
AAs)
March 1865 Freedmen’s Bureau established
6th Dec 1865 13th amendment - abolished slavery
1865-6 -Black Codes established -Freedmen’s Bureau spend $17million on
setting up 4000 schools and 100 hospitals
1866 -Civil Rights Act 1866 - intended to -Fisk University formed - example of AAs
establish unequivocally the equality of AAs setting up schools for themselves (more in
with other american citizens (johnson north)
unsuccessfully vetoed) The Supplementary Freedmen’s Bureau
Act extends bureau for 3 years
-14th amendment = everyone born or
naturalised in the USA were citizens so
entitled to protection of the law without
discrimination - if any state denied the
vote to any male citizen, it’s
representation in Congress would be
proportionately reduced
-Only 1 out of 11 southern states
(Tennessee) ratified 14th amendment
1869 -Leader of the KKK, Nathan Forrest
dissociates himself from the group after
, actions become so appalling and he
unsuccessfully ordered it to disband
1870 -By 1870, 80% AA families were strong -15th amendment - ensured AAs had vote -By 1870, sharecropping was the most
stable family units (effect of Freedmen’s in south and north - prohibited denial of common system in operation on former
bureau assisting in process of reuniting suffrage because of race, colour, or cotton plantations
families) previous condition of servitude
1871 -Jack Dupree of Monroe County, a
republican activist murdered in front of his
family by the KKK
1872 -KKK had been suppressed (until 1920s)
by the 1871 KKK Act which brought the
crimes under the jurisdiction of federal
courts if state authorities refused to take
action
1873 -Slaughterhouse cases 1873 declared 14th
amendment rights only covered national
citizenship - no protection against
violation by individual states
1875 -Civil Rights Act 1875 aimed to prohibit
segregation in public places, except
schools but by the time passed 1877
compromise occurred and Act was never
enforced
1877 -Between 1865-77 there had been over
100 black ministers serving on state
legislatures (although remained
significant minority in most state
assemblies, except south carolina where
, AAs formed 60% electorate)
-Between 1865-77 two AAs secured seats
in the senate
-1877 compromise led to president hayes
agreeing to withdraw federal troops from
the south and the reconstruction policies
were abandoned
1881 Booker T Washington sets up Tuskegee
Institute in Alabama, a vocational training
institution for black students
1883 US v. Harris - supreme court decision that
1875 civil rights act was unconstitutional
1889 1889-1918, 2558 black men lynched with
virtually none of the murderers tried or
convicted
1890 Mississippi disenfranchises AA through
literacy tests
1893 Approx 10,000 white people gathered to
watch lynching of black american, Henry
Smith who was accused of murdering a
white girl - was publically tortured and
pictures of event publicised
1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech - Washington
advocated improvement of AAs economic
through hard work and labour (within
framework of white supremacy and
segregation)
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