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A-level English Language Lexis and Semantics Notes £2.99
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A-level English Language Lexis and Semantics Notes
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Some notes I made from an online lecture covering the lexis and semantics framework. One of the most significant frameworks of paper 1 section A.

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  • August 26, 2023
  • 2
  • 2022/2023
  • Lecture notes
  • Me
  • Lexis and semantics

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Lexis and Semantics

Lexis – refer to vocabulary. We can do this by grouping words into word classes.

¾ main word classes – nouns, verbs and adjectives (Open/lexical word classes)

 Noun = name things or a concept
 Verb = word that shows state of being, action or event
 Adjective = modifies noun

4th major word class – adverbs (modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs)

Closed / grammatical word classes – provide connections and cohension with other words

 Pronoun – substitutes noun e.g. he
 Determiner – adds detail or clarity to noun e.g. the
 Preposition – provides sense of place or time e.g. in, on
 Conjunction – connections between larger structures, phrases, clauses and
sentences

Nouns

1. Proper = people or places such as England or Bella
2. Abstract = states, feelings or concepts such as love or anger
3. Concrete = objects that exist physically such as a ball

Verbs

1. Material = actions or events such as jump
2. Relational = identify properties or show estates such as be or seem
3. Mental = show internal process such as think
4. Verbal = show external process such as shout

Adjectives and Adverbs

1. Base = basic form of an adjective or an adverb, modifying another word such as big,
interesting
2. Comparative = a form to compare two instances which include adding a ‘-er’ or
‘more’ such as fatter
3. Superlative = a form used to identify the best example e.g. cutest

Pronouns

1. Personal = refer to people and are differentiated in terms of person (1 st, 2nd or 3rd),
number (singular or plural) and gender (male or female)
2. Demonstrative = orientate the reader or listener towards a person, object or idea
either nearby or far away such as this, these, that, those

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