🍃
Biological Molecules
Monomers and Polymers
Polymer→ A substance containing large molecules, made up of many repeating
sub-units, known as monomers JOINED BY COVALENT BONDS
REMEMBER: KEYWORDS ARE WHAT THE EXAMINERS
LOOK FOR
Monomer→ Single units, that join COVALENTLY , to form polymers
Hydrolysis→ The process by which a polymer is broken down into its constituent
monomers, using WATER
Condensation→ The process by which monomers bond together to form a
polymer, releasing ONE MOLECULE OF WATER PER BOND
Biological Molecules 1
, Examples of biological molecules:
1. Carbohydrates 4. Nucleic acids
2. Lipids 5. Proteins
3. Water
Water
Water is a POLAR molecule
🍃 This means that the electrons in the covalent bond, aren’t evenly
distributed. Oxygen is more ELECTRONEGATIVE, meaning that it
pulls the electron pair towards itself, away from the Hydrogen - this
leaves the Oxygen with a partially negative charge and the
hydrogen with a partially positive charge, forming a DIPOLE
The dipole allows water molecules to interact with each other via HYDROGEN
BONDS
🍃 This is a type of intermolecular force, found in simple molecules
Biological Molecules 2
Biological Molecules
Monomers and Polymers
Polymer→ A substance containing large molecules, made up of many repeating
sub-units, known as monomers JOINED BY COVALENT BONDS
REMEMBER: KEYWORDS ARE WHAT THE EXAMINERS
LOOK FOR
Monomer→ Single units, that join COVALENTLY , to form polymers
Hydrolysis→ The process by which a polymer is broken down into its constituent
monomers, using WATER
Condensation→ The process by which monomers bond together to form a
polymer, releasing ONE MOLECULE OF WATER PER BOND
Biological Molecules 1
, Examples of biological molecules:
1. Carbohydrates 4. Nucleic acids
2. Lipids 5. Proteins
3. Water
Water
Water is a POLAR molecule
🍃 This means that the electrons in the covalent bond, aren’t evenly
distributed. Oxygen is more ELECTRONEGATIVE, meaning that it
pulls the electron pair towards itself, away from the Hydrogen - this
leaves the Oxygen with a partially negative charge and the
hydrogen with a partially positive charge, forming a DIPOLE
The dipole allows water molecules to interact with each other via HYDROGEN
BONDS
🍃 This is a type of intermolecular force, found in simple molecules
Biological Molecules 2
