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Summary Best in depth social influence notes for AQA psychology paper 1

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Module
Social Influence

Institution
AQA

Detailed notes from a student who has consistently received 90%+ throughout college and in the A Level exams. Contains detailed AO1 and plenty of AO3 in the form of PEEL paragraphs

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Uploaded on September 5, 2023
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AQA PAPER 1
PYSCHOLOGY:
SOCIAL
INFLUENCE

, Conformity
AO1
1. Conformity: a change in behaviour/belief due to real/imagined group pressure

2. Types of conformity:
COMPLIANCE:
 superficial change in behaviour
 publicly going along with majority, privately disagreeing
 TEMPORARY
IDENTIFICATION
 Identifying with a group and acting like them because we want to be part of the group
 Usually TEMPORARY but can change private behaviour
INTERNALISATION
 Genuinely accepting group norms
 Private acceptance
 PERMANENT

3. Explanations of conformity:
NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE
 conform to gain acceptance
 desire to be liked
-Why?
 People want others to accept them, so conform to social group norms
 For emotional reasons
-How?
 Agree to gain acceptance but may not truly agree- COMPLIANCE
-When?
 New situations with strangers
INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE
 Conform because we believe group is right
 Desire to be right
-Why?
 People have basic need to feel confident that our beliefs are correct
 For cognitive reasons
-How?
 When uncertain, we look at others responses
 May believe the others, and convert to their viewpoint- INTERNALISATION
-When?
 When info ambiguous/unclear
 When group member is an expert

, AO3
NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE (NSI)
Strengths Limitations
P: Research support P: individual differences
E: Asch: (covered later) E: NSI affects behaviour in different ways
-participants (ppts) conformed with majority when E: McGhee and Teevan:
clearly incorrect -students with greater need for affiliation-
-afterwards ppts said they knew answers were
conform more due to NSI
incorrect- COMPLIANCE
L: adds credibility to theory L: cant generalise to all
P: Research support
E: Schultz et Al:
-message to hotel guests; 75% other guests
reused towels each day
-After: towel usage dropped by 25%
L: Support NSI & desire to fit in

INFORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE (ISI)
Strengths Limitations
P: Research support P: individual differences
E: Jenness: E: ISI doesn’t affect everyones behaviour in
-Method: gave people ambiguous task- how many same way
jelly beans in jar? E: Asch: students conform less (with ISI) than
Group1: Control: write down estimate
other ppts, due to less fear of getting things
Group 2: experimental: given list of previous
estimates wrong
-Results: Group 2 ppts moved towards estimates L: cant be applied to all
-Conclusion: difficult task- look to others
L: add credibility to theory
P: Research support P: Research contradicts ISI
E: Lucas et Al: E: Perrin and Spencer:
-ask students to answer easy/hard maths -science and engineering students: conform less
questions in Asch study replication
-results: more conformity to incorrect answers if -Why? likely to be objective
hard qu L: Cant generalise to all
L: Add validity to the theory

OVERALL LIMITATION

P: Difficult to distinguish between compliance and internalisation
E: Assume that temporary agreement= COMPLIANCE
BUT, may show internalisation in public, but given new info in private – change views
L: hard to distinguish

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