Texas Department of Agriculture (TDA) - ANSWER-The primary agency regulating pesticides in Texas.
The Texas Structural Pest Control Service (SPCS) - ANSWER-Also licenses people to apply pesticides to lawns, ornamental plants, and weeds to control landscape pests.
Integrated Pest Management (I...
Texas Ornamental and Turf (2022/2023)
Texas Department of Agriculture (TDA) - ANSWER-The primary agency regulating pesticides in Texas.
The Texas Structural Pest Control Service (SPCS) - ANSWER-Also licenses people to apply pesticides to lawns, ornamental plants, and weeds to control landscape pests.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - ANSWER-You need to take a comprehensive approach that uses biological, cultural, physical, and chemical controls in a careful, environmentally sound manner. The terms for this approach is .....
Natural Factors - ANSWER-....influence pests include climate, natural barriers and enemies, population developmnt and dynamics, and the availability of shelter, food, and
water. These XXXXX factors may cause pest populations to increase or decrease without influence from humans.
Biological Control - ANSWER-....involves manipulating the natural enemies of pests-
those that kill and eat pests (predators), those that feed on but do not necessarily kill pests (parasites), or those that cause diseases in pests (pathogens). You can encourage and maintain high population levels of these natural enemies by using pesticides carefully or by releasing a pest's enemies into the target area.
Cultural Control - ANSWER-....methods are the activities involved in taking care of the plants, such as site selection and watering practices. These techniques can alter the environment around the plants to affect the pests that could be attacking them.
Mechanical Control - ANSWER-....involves the use of equipment or manual operations to keep out or disrupt the life cycle of pests. Barriers that exclude pests include fencing, plastic mulches, and row covers.
Host Plant Resistance - ANSWER-....Some plants can tolerate damage from certain pests or are unsuitable for pest development; this trait is known as xxxxxxxx. For example, the St. Augustine grass variety 'Floratam' is resistant to chinch bugs.
Chemical Control - ANSWER-....involves the use of pesticides to destroy pests, control their activity, or prevent them from causing damage. Chemical pesticides are often the quickest way to control pests and, in some cases, the only alternative.
Plant Selection - ANSWER-A critical step in pest control is to choose the proper plant or
variety for the landscape. Choose all landscape plants according to their water requirements, shade tolerance, and susceptibility to pests. Water - ANSWER-Too much or too little xxxxx can damage or kill plants. Lack of water causes leaves to wilt, droop and drop. Excess water in the soil forces out the oxygen that plant roots need to survive.
Fertilization - ANSWER-Plants need 16 elements, which in horticulture are called plant nutrients. The soil usually contains enough of these nutrients for normal plant growth. Nitrogen is normally the most limiting plant nutrient. It constitutes the foundation of most
common fertilizers. The elements needed in tiny amounts are called micronutrients. The
best way to determine how much and what kind of fertilizer that a landscape needs is to take a soil sample.
Mowing - ANSWER-The primary cultural practice in turf management is xxxxx. Good xxxxxxx practices enhance turf and can significantly help you manage pests. It can improve turf color, density, root development, texture, and wear tolerance.
Thatch - ANSWER-Thatch is the layer of undecayed grass between the soil and green leaves of a turf plant. As old turf plants age and die, they decompose into finely textured
humus that becomes a part of the soil surface.
Pruning - ANSWER-A primary technique for producing a specimen plant is xxxxxx. xxxxxx prevents and treats some diseases and helps keep some ornamental plants attractive. You must prune properly to prevent or minimize insect and disease invasion. Do not make the cuts flush with a trunk or main branch. Instead, prune the limb outside the collar, which is the section of the branch where it joins to the trunk or main stem.
Preventive Applications - ANSWER-Involve applying a pesticide before the problem appears.
Reactive, or Curative Treatments - ANSWER-Occur after you notice the pest or its damage. Then you can apply a pesticide that targets that specific problem.
Protecting Water Resources - ANSWER-Do not use more pesticide than the label directs.
When possible, mix and load pesticides at least 100 feet from surface water or a direct link (such as a well) to groundwater.
Prevent pesticides from back-siphoning into your water source.
Delay application if heavy rain is imminent.
Consider leaving untreated buffer strips around water sources and hard surfaces to reduce pesticide movement.
Drift - ANSWER-Drift is the unintended movement of pesticides through the air during or
after application to an area other than intended target. Particle drift is the movement of droplets through the air during or soon after applications. Vapor drift occurs when pesticides land on the target site but then turn into vapor (volatilize) and move off-target.
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