Lecture notes

CTB 6: Cell biology of the respiratory tract

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Module
Cardiovascular and thoracic biology

Institution
Imperial College London (ICL)

Lecture notes from Imperial College London, Medical Biosciences BSc, 2nd year, cardiovascular and thoracic biology (CTB) module. lecture 6 on cell biology of the respiratory tract (airways and lungs): how the tract protects itself from inhaled insult, and is able to control the calibre of the ai...

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Uploaded on September 27, 2023
Number of pages 3
Written in 2022/2023
Type Lecture notes
Professor(s) Duncan rogers
Contains All classes

cardiology
cardiovascular
thoracic
cardiothoracic
biology
airways
lungs
respiratory tract
structure
function
cells
homeostasis
humoral

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Cardiovascular and Thoracic biology Imperial College London

£ 71.91 £ 42.49 9 items

1. Lecture notes - Ctb 10: step into the future
2. Lecture notes - Ctb 8: anaphylaxis: a cardiovascular-respiratory problem
3. Lecture notes - Ctb 2: mechanical and electrical properties of the heart
4. Lecture notes - Cbt 4:blood pressure and flow
5. Lecture notes - Ctb 6: cell biology of the respiratory tract
6. Lecture notes - Cbt 7: cell biology of the cardiovascular system
7. Lecture notes - Ctb 5: assessing performance of the cardiopulmonary system
8. Lecture notes - Ctb 3: ventilation and gas transport
9. Lecture notes - Ctb 9: respiratory and cardiovascular diseases
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Cell biology of the respiratory tract
Introduction
- inhale 12,000L of air per day (increases if exercise)
=> O2 but also particles (tobacco, pollen, microbes, pollution...), noxious gases
=> airway protection (+ homeostasis + ‘cleansing’)

The airway epithelium
- continuous from nasal passages to terminal bronchioles
- goblet cells: secrete mucins (high m weight glycoproteins) onto airway surface (small & large)
=> condensed mucin within granules fuse with apical membrane
=> form open pores to leave cell
=> take on water + swell (many hundred-fold)
=> big mucin ‘globule’ quickly released: exocytosis

- submucosal glands: secrete mucins onto airway surface
=> in larger airways (not in distal airways)
=> submucosal: below the epithelium BUT glandular openings via epithelium
=> gland: secretory acini (comprising secretory cells) in the
collecting duct/ ciliated duct ejects mucus (mixture of molecules) out
mucins
-
including

=> contains ‘serous’ (= serum like) acini and mucous acini
=> watery serous secretions => viscous mucous secretions

=> mucous cells secrete mucins
=> serous cells secrete anti-bacterial m (lysozyme, lactoferrin) Acini = smallest secreting
=> glands also secrete water + salt (Na+, Cl-) portion of a gland
=> mucus = aqueous electrolyte solution of mucins and other high molecular weight p
=> viscoelastic properties from mucins
=> secreted on airway surface where entrap & transport particules for mucociliary clearance

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