Chapter 1: The Role of Statistics
Name ___________________________
1. Briefly describe how populations and samples differ.
2. In a psychological study of distance perception, introductory psychology class volunteers were given 5, 10, or 15 extra credit points depending on their level of particip...
,Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A
1
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Module One is introduced with a discussion of autism and test anxiety. In doing so, the author of your
textbook is suggesting:
a. that psychology attempts to answer questions about complex problems
b. the importance of accurate diagnoses
c. that a careful definition of maladaptive behavior is important
d. that psychology抯 main focus is on abnormal behaviors
____ 2. Which of the following people is most likely to be diagnosed with autism?
a. Ryan, a five-year-old who is retarded but has a special ability to relate well with others
b. Paul, a two-year-old who avoids people and spends long periods of time flipping his
fingers
c. Ben, a six-year-old who has a history of depression
d. Anne, a ten-year-old who just recently has begun to withdraw from others
____ 3. According to Module One, some parents blame ____ for their child抯 autism.
a. prenatal viruses c. vaccinations during childhood
b. diet d. brain injury during childbirth
____ 4. The disorder characterized by impaired development in social interactions, communication, and ritualistic
behavior is:
a. childhood depression c. autism
b. attention deficit disorder d. Down syndrome
____ 5. Who is most likely to be diagnosed with autism and why?
a. Perry梐 utism is more likely to affect firstborn children
b. Daleesha梐 utism affects 10 times as many African Americans than other ethnic groups
c. Mi梐 utism affects 2 times as many girls than boys
d. Ryan梐 utism affects 3 to 4 times as many boys than girls
____ 6. The local theater group is putting on a play depicting the struggles of a 16-year old autistic male. Since
the director wants the acting to be as realistic as possible, he should tell the actor portraying the autistic
child to:
a. 搒 how normal social behavior on stage?
b. 揹 isplay moody behavior?
c. 揹 emonstrate purposeful behavior?
d. 揳 ct disinterested in the other actors on stage?
____ 7. You抳 e just read a case history of an individual. This person has a difficult time relating to other people,
has very serious problems in communication, and spends a lot of his time rocking back and forth. Which
of the following is the most appropriate title for this case history?
a. 揂 utism: A Serious Developmental Disorder?
b. 揗 ental Retardation: Lower Than Average Intelligence?
c. 揂 Case History of Munchausen Syndrome?
d. 揟 he Effects of Avoidance Disorder?
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,Name: ________________________ ID: A
____ 8. While doing an internship at a group home for those with mental and physical disabilities, you meet a
resident who can tell you what day any date fell on for the past 100 years. This person is probably:
a. a shaman c. suffering from schizophrenia
b. a savant d. very good at critical thinking
____ 9. You are on a game show that awards one million dollars to successful contestants. One of the questions
asks you for the term given to an autistic individual who possesses a special memory or artistic skill. If
you want to win the money, you should say:
a. a savant c. a humanist
b. a person with Type II schizophrenia d. an individual with fragile X syndrome
____ 10. Researchers working on the causes of autism have recently found:
a. a virus is involved c. several genetic factors are involved
b. toxins in groundwater play a role d. poor health care is involved
____ 11. Dr. Myerson, a noted authority on autism, argues that science is getting closer to understanding the cause
of the disorder. Which of the following suspected causes is among the most promising?
a. unconscious conflicts c. genetic links
b. parenting styles d. childhood vaccinations
____ 12. With only a couple of moments left in class, your professor says, 揑n the next class meeting, we will
discuss a condition found in very few autistic people where they possess some unusual ability.? Since you
keep up on the textbook reading, you know that the professor is referring to:
a. metacognition c. ritual behavior
b. savants d. ADHD
____ 13. The prevalence of autism in the last 20 years has:
a. stayed about the same c. decreased to a moderate degree
b. increased slightly d. increased significantly
____ 14. You are trying to convince your friend who is the mother of an autistic child that psychology is a
worthwhile field of study. Which statement would be most effective?
a. Introduction to Psychology is a required course.
b. Most employers expect a class in psychology.
c. Psychology can provide insights into the causes of complex behavior.
d. The unconscious mind is the focus of study in psychology.
____ 15. The increase in autism is most probably due to:
a. the breakdown of the family c. childhood vaccinations
b. increased air and water pollution d. better awareness by parents and doctors
____ 16. The definition of psychology presented in your textbook is:
a. the systematic, scientific study of behaviors and mental processes.
b. the study of abnormal behaviors and ways to psychoanalyze individuals.
c. the systematic application of science to helping people who are mentally disturbed.
d. the systematic, scientific study of human behavior.
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, Name: ________________________ ID: A
____ 17. Who is least likely to have taken a psychology course?
a. Kevin believes that behavior refers to observable actions.
b. Kyle argues that thinking and dreaming are examples of behaviors.
c. Karen says, 揚 sychology is the systematic, scientific study of behaviors and mental
processes.?
d. Kesha believes that mental processes are not directly observable.
____ 18. Inez was attempting to recite the definition of psychology she read in her psychology textbook. She said
that psychology is the systematic study of behavior and mental processes. What important word did she
omit?
a. rigorous c. psychoanalytical
b. controlled d. scientific
____ 19. Based upon Module One, for a phenomenon to be studied in psychology, it must be:
a. a behavior or a mental process
b. an abnormal behavior or abnormal mental process
c. an unconscious mental process
d. approved by the American Psychological Association
____ 20. In the definition of psychology presented in your text, the term behavior refers to:
a. mental processes c. thinking
b. observable actions or responses d. actions performed only by human beings
____ 21. Professor Yates is lecturing on the definition of psychology. Which example of 揵 ehavior? should he use
to most effectively communicate the definition?
a. 揃 ehavior consists of activities such as thinking, forgetting, and problem-solving.?
b. 揂 cts such as eating, walking, and running are examples of behavior.?
c. 揃 ehavior is synonymous with internal processes like memory and learning.?
d. 揥 e make no distinction between the observable and the unobservable梐 nything that a
person does is behavior.?
____ 22. Mental processes are described in your textbook as:
a. directly observable
b. observable actions
c. not directly observable
d. only behaviors performed by human beings
____ 23. As Professor Gilpin is lecturing on the definition of psychology, he asks a student, Rita, to think about an
example of a mental process. After thinking about it, Rita is still confused by the term mental processes.
To clarify the term, Professor Gilpin should:
a. ask a brighter student to define mental processes
b. point out to Rita that mental processes are emphasized by the learning approach
c. suggest that Rita use the SQ3R approach described in her text
d. suggest that Rita, in her attempt to think about mental processes, was in fact giving an
example of a mental process
____ 24. The definition of psychology has evolved over time:
a. without much dissent or discussion
b. from specific to more broad
c. from broad to more specific
d. from a focus on humans to a focus on animals
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