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OCR level Cambridge technical health and social care course work. Full assignment from p1 to d3
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UNIT 14P1- summarise the types of Longterm physiological conditions.
Introduction
In this task I will be summarising the types of Longterm physiological conditions. Long term
conditions are illnesses that last longer than a year and impact on a person's lifestyle. Whereas a
short-term condition doesn’t last long and goes away quickly. It does not affect a person's lifestyle.
Chronic illness
One type of Longterm physiological condition is chronic illness. This is an illness that lasts for a very
long time and impacts a person's lifestyle.
One example of a chronic illness includes heart disease. A heart disease is a condition that affects
the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart by narrowing or blockages of the vessels. It happens
when fatty deposits, or atheroma, develop on the arteries and arterial walls around the heart. It can
occur at any age but young people at the ages of 35-64 with high blood pressure or obesity are at a
higher risk of it. However, heart disease is most common in individuals above the age of 50. Also,
men are at a higher risk of heart disease than women. Heart disease is a chronic illness as it is
Longterm and as a big impact on a person lifestyle. This is because when an individual is at risk of
developing heart disease or already has it then they can be restricted from things like certain
activities or even certain foods.
Another example of a chronic illness is kidney disease. Kidney disease is when your kidneys cannot
filter blood properly because they are damaged. Kidney disease can be caused by other illnesses that
put strain on an individual's kidney. Kidney disease can occur at any age, but it is more common in
individuals at the age of 65 years or older. This chronic illness is more common in women than men.
This illness is at risk of developing for people with diabetes or high blood pressure. This is a chronic
illness as the damage that is made to the kidneys is a slow process and happens gradually over time
which impacts a person's lifestyle as they would have to be careful with what they eat.
Asthma is another example of a chronic disease. Asthma is a condition in the lungs that can cause
breathing difficulties. It is when an individual's airways swell and become narrow. It also produces
extra mucus which results in the individual not being able to breathe properly. Asthma is most
developed at a young age, but it can also develop in adults. It is not a curable disease but there are
treatments such as inhalers that are available to keep symptoms from deteriorating. Adults and
children have a higher risk of getting asthma if they are obese or overweight. This is a Longterm
condition as there is no cure. So, it impacts an individual's lifestyle as asthma can restrict a person
from certain activities such as running, football or any sport-based activities. It can also affect where
a person may work, or live as polluted areas can trigger asthma attacks.
Neurological conditions
Neurological conditions and illnesses that affect the brain and the nerves found in the body.
One example of neurological condition is multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is when the immune
system attack nerve fibres and the myelin sheath in the brain and spine. It is a long-term condition
that has no cure, but symptoms can be treated with medication. Most individuals develop MS at 20-
,40 years of age. Sometimes the symptoms go away and don’t come back but other times they come
back. Every individual that has MS experience different symptoms to others that may also have MS.
This is a neurological condition as it affects the nerves in a person's body. It can affect a person's
sensation, coordination, movement, vision, bowel control and bladder. Women are three times
more likely to develop MS than men.
Another example of a neurological condition is Alzheimer's. Alzheimer disease is the most common
cause of dementia in the Uk. The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease worsen over time. This indicates
that the symptoms begin slowly over time and progressively worsen. It affects several distinct brain
activities. In the first stages of Alzheimer disease individuals suffer from mild memory loss and in the
later stages of Alzheimer disease individuals lose the ability to carry on a conversation and respond
to their environment. Other cognitive problems include wandering and getting lost, trouble handling
money and paying bills and repeating questions. This is a neurological illness that affects how the
brain works. There is no cure but there is medication to help with symptoms.
Stroke is another type of a neurological condition. Stroke occurs when the blood and oxygen supply
to the brain is blocked. It is a very serious condition that needs to be treated straight away. Stroke
can lead to death or disability in a person. Stroke can occur at any age but is most occurred in
individuals who are 65 or older. A stroke can affect an individual's control over their muscles.
Potentially in their mouth and throat which affects a person's ability to eat, swallow, chew or even
talk. This is a neurological condition that affects the brain. It impacts a person's lifestyle as even
though stroke can be cured some people may not cure fully and be left with lifelong disabilities.
Degenerative conditions
A degenerative condition is when the structure or function of an infected part of the body worsens
over time.
For example, emphysema is a degenerative condition. Emphysema is a lung condition were the
alveoli also known as the air sacs in the lungs are damaged.it is when the air sacs can be destroyed,
narrowed, collapsed, stretched or overinflated. It causes the inner walls of the alveoli to weaken and
burst. It usually occurs in individuals who have been smoking over a long period of time. it is most
likely to occur at the age of 40 years or older. This is a degenerative disease that worsens over time.
It cannot be cured but there is medication to help with symptoms and to slow down the
deterioration of the illness. It impacts a person lifestyle as it would restrict them from outdoor
activities such as football.
Another degenerative condition is arthritis. Arthritis is a common condition that affects the joints in
the body. It is when the joint starts to cause pain and become inflamed. This illness is most common
in people in the age 40 years or older. It is more likely to occur in women with a family history of it.
Arthritis progresses gradually overtime. There is currently no cure for it but there are treatments and
medicines to help slow down the progression of it. This is a degenerative condition that worsens
over time resulting in having trouble performing daily activities and finding too painful to walk and
move. This impacts a person's lifestyle as it restricts the from performing certain activities like
walking up the stairs due to pain.
Osteoporosis is another type of degenerative condition. This is a condition that weakens the bones
making them fragile and brittle. Osteoporosis related fractures are common in the wrist, hip, and
spine. This condition is most common in females over the age of 50 but is also common to get it
from the age of 25. Females have a higher risk because they have lighter and thinner bones.
Osteoporosis is a condition gradually worsens overtime. It is not a curable condition but there are
,treatments to help slow it down and strengthen the bones. This impacts an individual's lifestyle as it
restricts them from activities that require a lot of moving around. It may also restrict them from daily
tasks like making tea for themselves or bathing themselves.
Genetic conditions
A genetic condition is a disease or illness that is passed down from a family member. It is caused
when a person inherits an altered gene from a parent, and it raises your risk of getting that specific
ailment.
One example of a genetic condition is cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is caused by a faulty gene that
affects the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. It is when sticky mucus builds up in the
lungs and digestive systems. Cystic fibrosis can gradually worsen over time and even become deadly
if it caused to lungs to stop working properly. Cystic fibrosis can do severe damage to an individual's
lungs and digestive system and other organs in the body. This condition is inherited from family
members. There is currently no cure for this condition but there are a lot of different treatments to
help make the condition easier to manage.
Another type of genetic condition is down syndrome. Down syndrome is a condition where an
individual has an extra chromosome. Down syndrome can cause lifelong intellectual disabilities and
development delays. It is a common disorder that causes most learning disabilities in children and
adults. There is currently no cure for down syndrome but there are treatment programs to help
manage it. These programs include physical, occupational or even speech therapy.
Muscular dystrophy is another example of a genetic condition. Muscular dystrophy is a group of
muscle diseases that is caused by mutations in the genes. Overtime the muscles start to gradually
weaken until the individual is unable to perform daily task and becomes restricted from moving. This
genetic condition may affect different people in other ways and someone who has the same
condition with another individual may experience different symptoms. This condition can be genetic,
or a person may be the first in the family to develop it, but it is more common to be passed down
from family members. This condition can occur at any age, but it is mostly diagnosed at childhood.
Both genders can be at risk of it but only two common types of this condition affect males more.
These are Duchenne and Becker. There is currently no cure for this illness but there are treatments
and therapies to help with symptoms.
Autoimmune conditions
An autoimmune condition is when a person white blood cell attack normal cells as they do not know
the difference between the body's own cells and cells from out of the body.
One example of an autoimmune condition is coeliac disease. Coeliac disease is when you eat gluten
and because of this your immune system attacks your own tissues as a result it stops your body from
taking in nutrients. Coeliac disease can develop and be diagnosed at any age. It is treated with gluten
free diets to control the symptoms as there is no current cure for it. Symptoms of this disease vary
depending on the individual's age.
Another autoimmune condition is nephrotic syndrome. This is a condition were large amounts of
protein from the kidneys leaks into your urine. The glomerulus layer of the kidney develops an
excess of immune proteins because of nephrotic syndrome. If left untreated this condition can
become severe and life threatening. This condition can affect people of an age but is mostly
diagnosed in children between the ages of 2 to 5 years old. It is most common to occur in males than
females. There is no current cure for this illness however children usually grow out of it as they age.
, Treatments such as steroids help to keep it in control but if an individual was to relapse then they
would also need to take steroids.
Rheumatoid arthritis is another example of an autoimmune disease. This illness causes your
immune system to attack healthy cells in your body which them start to become inflamed eventually
causing pain. This disease mainly attacks joints resulting in the swelling of joints and joint pains. This
condition most commonly affects the hands, wrist and feet. This condition can occur at any age but
is most common in individuals between the ages of 40 to 60 or even older. There is no cure for this
condition but the impact of it on an individual's lifestyle can be reduced with early treatment and
support. Also, specialists may also give individuals with this condition steroids to help with any joint
pain.
Conclusion
Overall, I have summarised the different types of physiological conditions.
References
https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/index.htm
https://dphhs.mt.gov/schoolhealth/chronichealth/neurologicaldisorders#:~:text=Neurological
%20disorders%20are%20medically%20defined,in%20a%20range%20of%20symptoms.
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/degenerative-disease
https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/F_I/Genetic-conditions#:~:text=What%20is%20a
%20genetic%20condition,randomly%20before%20you%20are%20born.
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000816.htm
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353118
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cardiovascular-disease/#:~:text=age%20%E2%80%93%20CVD%20is
%20most%20common,cholesterol%20and%20high%20blood%20pressure
https://www.cdc.gov/kidneydisease/publications-resources/ckd-national-facts.html#:~:text=CKD
%20by%20Age%2C%20Sex%2C%20and,According%20to%20current%20estimates%3A&text=CKD
%20is%20more%20common%20in,%25)%20than%20men%20(12%25).
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/multiple-sclerosis/
https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-alzheimers
https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/treatments.htm
https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/understanding-arthritis/what-is-
arthritis#:~:text=Severe%20arthritis%20can%20result%20in,seen%20only%20on%20X%2Drays.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cystic-fibrosis/#:~:text=Cystic%20fibrosis%20is%20a%20genetic,the
%20lungs%20and%20digestive%20system.
https://www.healthline.com/health/osteoporosis#:~:text=Osteoporosis%20treatment&text=There's
%20no%20cure%20for%20osteoporosis,the%20growth%20of%20new%20bone.
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/musculardystrophy/facts.html#:~:text=Muscular%20dystrophies
%20are%20a%20group,mobility%2C%20making%20everyday%20tasks%20difficult.
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