NERC Interchange Transaction Exam (100% Correct Answers)

Generating units jointly owned by two or more Balancing Authorities may be modeled in the AGC systems as a "virtual" tie line flow (pseudo-tie). To properly account for the jointly owned unit as a pseudo-tie, each Balancing Authority must include a portion o fthe unit's MW output as an adjustment to the ________ in its ACE equation. net actual interchange (NIA) A dynamic schedule is commonly used for scheduling jointly-owned generation between Balancing Authority Areas. To properly account for the jointly-owned unit as a dynamic schedule, each Balancing Authority must include a portion of the unit's MW output as an adjustment to ____ in its ACE equation. net scheduled interchange (NIA) Balancing Authority A has an interchange schedule to import 600 MW from Balancing Authority B for a period of 1 hour, with a symmetrical 20 minute ramp up at the start of the schedule and a symmetrical 20 minute ramp down at the end of the schedule. If this schedule gets cut after 40 minutes, what is the total billed energy transferred to Area A for this hour? 400 MWH A Transmission Operator (TOP) determines that an interchange transaction, scheduled to begin at the top of the hour, will result in a potential System Operating Limit (SOL) violation. What should the TOP operator do? Modify the interchange transaction tag and communicate the modification to the Balancing Authority During real-time operations, there may be a need to modify interchange transactions in progress or about to start, based on actual or potential limit violations or other reliability conditions. In addition to Balancing Authorities, which entities are responsible for implementing such modifications? Transmission Operators and Reliability Coordinators For a given interchange transaction, which entity is responsible for assessing and approving or denying interchange transactions along a scheduling path based on reliability criteria, transmission rights and Interconnected Operations Services (IOS) adequacy? Transmission Service Provider For a given interchange transaction, the Transmission Service Provider(s)(TSP) on the scheduling path must verify and assess all of the following EXCEPT: (CANNOT FIND THIS QUESTION ON THE PRINTOUT) Transaction start and end times. A Balancing Authority Area has connected capacity comprising about 10% of a large synchronous interconnection. Initially, the area is holding a net scheduled interchnage of +100 MW (export). Now suppose 1,000 MW of generation trips external to the area. What is this area's approximate net actual interchange about 20 seconds after the trip? +200 MW For the scheduling hour , a Purchasing-Selling Entity (PSE) arranges a dynamic schedule between two Balancing Authorities (BAs) and submits the tag to the Sink BA. The Sink BA coordinates approval of the schedule, and the BAs implement the schedule in their AGC/ACE calculations. The PSE must update the tag for the next available scheduling hour if the average energy profile in is ______ MW and the actual hourly integrated energy deviates from the hourly average energy profile indicated on the tag by more than +/-10%. 500 The default ramp duration for interchange schedules in the Eastern Interconnection is _____ minutes, applied symmetrically across the schedule start and end times. In the Western Interconnection, the default ramp duration is _____ minutes, applied symmetrically across the schedule start and end times. 10; 20 What is the purpose of NERC's Interchange Transaction Tagging operating reliability standard (INT-001-0)? To ensure that the details of an interchange transaction are submitted to the appropriate entities in time for reliability assessment and implementation. For a given interchange transaction, which entity is responsible for assessing and approving or denying interchange transactions along a scheduling path based on reliability criteria, transmission rights and Interconnected Operations Services (IOS) adequacy? Transmission Service Provider For a given interchange transaction, each Balancing Authority (BA) and Transmission Service Provider (TSP) on the scheduling path must communicate its approval or denial for the transaction to the Sink BA. The Sink BA is then required to communicate the composite approval status of the transaction to the following: a. affected Transmission Owners. b. reliability analysis services. c. Purchasing-Selling Entity that arranged the transaction d. All BAs and TSPs on the scheduling path A 50 MW interchange schedule starts at 1100 and ends at 1200. The parties have agreed to use a symmetrical 10 minute ramp at the start and end of the schedule. What is the actual energy transferred from 1055 to 1205? 50 MWH Which entities are responsible for communicating interchange transaction tag information and assessing the reliability impact prior to approving or denying a transaction? Balancing Authorities and Transmission Service Providers A 450 MW interchange schedule begins at 1200 and ends at 1300. The ramp up starts at 1155 and ends at 1205. The ramp down starts at 1255 and ends at 1305. What is the ramp rate for this schedule? 45 MW/minute A purchasing-Selling Entity (PSE) has arrnaged an interchange transaction between two Balancing Authorities(BAs). To which BA must the PSE submit the tag for this transaction? Sink BA A Reliability Coordinator (RC in the Eastern Interconnection determines that an interchange transaction, scheduled to begin th enext day, will result in a potential Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit (IROL) violation. The RC curtails the transaction, modifies the modification to the Sink Balancing Authority. In order for the modification request to be considered "on time" and eligible for passive approval, the RC must submit the request at least _____ minutes prior to the modification start. 20 A major loss of generation in the Interconnection requires that several interchange transactions be curtailed. Which entity is responsible for coordinating modifications to the appropriae tags? Source Balancing Authority Which entities are responsible for communicating interchange transaction tag information and assessing the reliability impacts prior to approving or denying a transaction? Balancing Authorities and Transmission Service Providers A Balancing Authority Area has connected capacity compromising about 10% of a large synchronous interconnection. Initially, the area is holding a net scheduled interchange of +100 MW (export). Now suppose 1,000 MW of generation trips external to the area. What is this area's approx. net actual interchange about 20 seconds after the trip? +200 MW For a particular interchange schedule between two Balancing Authories (BAs), a HVDC transmission tie line is located within the scheduling path. According to NERC's Interchange Transaction Implementation standard (INT-003), the sending BA and receiving BA must coordinate the schedule with: The transmission operator of the HVDC tie A 600 MW interchange schedule starts at 0900 and ends at 1100, with a 20 minute ramp at the beginning and end of the schedule. At 1045, the schedule is cut by 200 MW. What is the total billed MWh for this two-hour interval? 1150 MWH How often must a Balancing Authority submit its summary of inadvertent interchange? Monthly In both the Eastern and Western Interconnections, tags representing transactions that run for less than 24 hours must be submitted at least _______ prior to the start of the transaction (excluding the ramp). 20 minutes An interchange transaction is being arranged to transfer power from a jointly-owned unit between one Balancing Authority and another. A Purchasing-Selling-Entity is not involved in the arrangement. Which entity is responsible for ensuring that a tag is provided for in this transaction Sink Balancing Authority For a given interchange transaction, each Balancing Authority (BA) and Transmission Service Provider (TSP) on the scheduling path must communicate its approval or denial for the transaction to the ______. Sink Balancing Authority Which entity is responsible for ensuring a tag is provided for all bilateral inadvertent interchange payback transactions between Balancing Authorities? Sink Balancing Authority A Transmission Operator (TOP) has initiated a curtailment of an interchange transaction due to aggravation of a system operating limit (SOL). Some time later, system conditions are such that the potential SOL violation no longer exists, and the transaction can be reloaded. Which entity is responsible for releasing the limit on the transaction tag and communicating the release to the Sink Balancing Authority? The Transmission Operator that intiated the curtailment. A Reliability events that can result in the modification of an interchange transaction include: actual potential SOL or IROL violations During the implementation of a Transmission Loading Relief procedure, all Reliability Coordinators and Balancing Authorities must continue to comply with the NERC Interchange Scheduling and Coordination Standards until: Emergency actions are necessary Transmission Service Providers on a scheduling path are responsible for assessing and approving or denying interchange transactions on the path based on? Established reliability criteria. The Balancing Authority or Purchasing-Selling Entity responsible for submitting the tag for an interchange transaction must include the following tag data: physical path containing generation, transmission and load segments Each Balancing Authority Area must have sufficient generation running under automatic generation control (AGC) in order to continuously: Maintain area interchange schedules and interconnection frequency. A 450 MW interchange schedule begins at 1200 and ends at 1300. The ramp starts at 1155 and ends at 1205. The ramp down starts at 1255 and ends at 1305. What is the ramp rate for this schedule? 45 MW/minute A Reliability Coordinator (RC) needs to curtail an interchange transaction due to the implementation of an approved transmission loading relief procedure. Once the sink Balancing Authority receives the modified tag from the RC, to which entities must the sink Balancing Authority communicate the modified information, as well as the composite approval status for the modified transaction? The Purchasing-Selling Entity that arranged the original transaction. A Balancing Authority must submit its inadvertent interchange summary report to its "survey contact" in the appropriate: Regional Reliability Organization Through a pre-arranged reserve-sharing agreement, an emergency interchange transaction is arranged to replace a sudden loss of generation. The duration of this transactionis 25 minutes. Which entity must ensure that a tag is provided in this transaction? This transaction is exempt from the tagging requirement An interchange transaction tag must include all the ______ data required to properly assess and approve/deny the transaction. reliability A Balancing Authority operating in a synchronous Interconnection must have an AGC that compares ________ in its ACE calculation. net actual interchange to net scheduled interchange, plus the frequency bias obligation For a given interchange transaction, the Balancing Authorities (BAs) on the scheduling path are responsible for assessing and approving or denying the transaction. The BA must verify and assess the following: transaction start and end times During a transmission loading relief procedure, interchange transactions have been curtailed and the Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit (IROL) violation that prompted the procedure has been elimianated. The Reliability Coordinators are now in a position to resume certain transactions. Which interchange transactions should (if possible) be re-established first? those with the highest Transmission Service Priority. Through a pre-arranged reserve-sharing agreement, an emergency interchange transaction is arranged to replace a sudden loss of generaiton. The duration of this transaction is 2 hours. Which entity must ensure that a tag is provided for this transaction? Sink balancing authority. Balancing Authority Area A has the following interchange schedules for the current hour: -- Import of 300 MW from Balancing Authority Area B -- Export of 150 MW to Balancing Authority C -- Import of 350 MW from Balancing Authority Area D Each schedule has a 10 miniute ramp up and down, starting at 5 minutes before the hour and ending at 5 minutes after the hour. Area A had a peak demand of 10,000 MW last year. In addition, Area A currently has: -- 15,000 MW of Installed capacity -- Frequency equal to 60.02 Hz, with no time error correction in effect -- Net actual interchange equal to +50 MW -- Meter error interchange (IME) equal to zero What is Area A's current Area Control Error (ACE)? +570 MW Which entity is responsible for monitoring compliance with NERC's Interchange Transaction Modifications standard (INT-004-0), by conducting periodic tag audits as prescribed by NERC? Regional Reliability Organization Which of the following statements concerning NERC's Interchange Transaction Implementation standard (INT-003-0) is TRUE The Source Balancing Authority is responsible for initiating implementation of each interchange transaction as tagged. Balancing Authority Area A has an interchange transaction to purchase 200 MW from Balancing Area B. The resulting interchange schedule starts at 1300 and ends at 1400 hours. The ramp is 10 minutes symmetrical at the start and end of the schedule. At 1340, following an unexpected loss of generation, Area A purchases and additional 100 MW from Area B on an emergency basis for a peroid of 15 minutes. For energy accounting purposes, how much energy is transferred to Area A during this hour? 225 MWH A 50 MW interchange schedule starts a 1100 and ends at 1200. The parties have agreed to use a symmetrical 10 miniute ramp at the start and end of the schedule. What is the actual energy transferred from 1055 to 1205? 50 MWH Which entities are responsible for communicating interchange transaction tag information and assessing the reliability impact prior to approving or denying a transaction? Balancing Authorities and Transmission Service Providers The Transmission Operator (TOP) determines that an Iinterchange transaction, scheduled to begin at the top of the hour, will result in a potential System Operating Limit (SOL) violation. What should the TOP operator do? Modify the interchange transaction tag and communicate the modification to the Sink Balancing Authority. In the ACE caculation, which type of interchange schedule may be omitted from inclusion in the Net Scheduled Interchange? HVDC schedule During the implementation of a dynamic schedule, the deviation between actual hourly integrated energy and the hourly average energy profile indicated o nthe tag either exceeds a specific amount or presents a reliability concern. The responsible Purchasing-Selling Entity (PSE) must update the tag for the next available scheduling hour and for future hours. To comply with NERC's Interchange Transaction Modifications standard (INT-004-0), which entity must provide evidence that the responsible PSE did indeed submit a revised tag? The Sink Balancing Authority A proposed dynamic schedule, one hour in duration, is expected to have 100 MW flowing half the time and 80 MW flowing the other half. Both flows are in the same direction. What magnitude of MW would the Purchasing-Selling Entity enter into the tag for this dynamic schedule? 90 MW During current-day operations, a Reliability Coordinator (RC) identifies one of its Balancing Authorities (BAs) as a major contributor to low interconnection frequency and inadvertent interchange throughout the RC's area. The RC is required to direct the BA to rebalance its generation, load and interchane to bring the BA back into compliance with which NERC standard(s)? Disturbance Control Standard (DCS) What types of interchange schedules are allowed to have ramp durations shorter than those specified as default durations in the NERC operating standards? A schedule implemented for an interchange transaction curtailment in response to a transmission loading relief procedure. A Balancing Authority has a net scheduled interchange of +500 MW (export) and a frequency bias setting of 250 MW/0.1 Hz. The Interconnection Time Monitor has initiated a time correction due to an accumulated slow time error. The Balancing Authority can implement the correction by changing its net scheduled interchange from +500 MW to: +550 MW Balancing Authority Area A has the following interchange schedules for hour 1000 to 1100: -- Import of 200 MW from Balancing Authority Area B -- Import of 160 MW from Balancing Authority Area C -- Export of 60 MW to Balancing Authority Area D For each schedule, the parties have agreed to a 10 minute symmetrical ramp at the start and end of the schedule. If Area D custs its schedule with Area A at 1050, what is the total net energy transferred to Area A for billing/accounting purposes during this hour? 310 MW An hourly check of intertie flow by a Balancing Authority operator reveals a problem with the control/monitoring equipment. What is the appropriate operator response? Adjust the interchange meter error component of ACE (L--) until equipment repairs can be made. Which entity is responsible for ensuring a tag is provided for all bilateral inadvertent interchange payback transactions between Balancing Authorities? The Sink Balancing Authority. Which of the following statements concerning NERC's Interchange Transaction Implementation standard (INT-003-0) is FALSE? The Source Balancing Authority is responsible for initiating implementation of each interchange transaction as tagged. NOTE: The Sink BA initiates the transaction. The total capacity of the facilities in a transmission path is 1800 MW. the total Transfer Capability (TTC) of the same path is 1200 MW from south to north. An unscheduled (parallel) flow of 600 MW is present, flowing north to south. What is the maximum net interchange that can be scheduled from south to north across this path? 1200 MW A Balancing Authority Area has the following two interchange schedules in place: --Import of 800 MW, starting at 1300, ending at 1800, with a 20 minute symmetrical ramp at the start and end of the schedule. --Import of 600 MW, starting at 1200, ending at 1600, with a 10 minute symmetrical ramp at the start and end of the schedule. If the 800 MW schedule is cut at 1620 using a 20 minute ramp, what is the billed MWH for the two transactions from 1400 to 1500? 1400 MW The Balancing Authority of Purchasing-Selling Entity responsible for submitting the tag for an interchange transaction must include all of the following tag data EXCEPT: a. physical path containing generation, transmission and load segments. b. energy to be produced by the generator for each time segment of the transaction. c. price per MWH produced by the generator for each time segment of the transaction. d. the manner in which losses are taken into consideration. C. price per MWH produced by the generator for each time segment of the transaction. For a given interchange transaction, each Balancing Authority (BA) and Transmission Service Provider (TSP) on the scheduling path must communicate its approval or denial for the transaction to the Sink BA. The Sink BA is then required to communicate the composite approval status of the transaction to the following: Purchasing-Selling Entity that arranged the transaction For a given interchange transaction, each Balancing Authority (BA) and Transmission Service Provider (TSP) on the scheduling path must communicate its approval or denial for the transaction to the Sink BA. The Sink BA is then required to communicate the composite approval status of the transaction to the following: All BAs and TSPs on the scheduling path The Balancing Authority or Purchasing-Selling Entity responsible for submitting the tag for an interchange transaction must include all of the following data price per MWH produced by the generator for each time segment of the transaction. Transmission Service Providers on a scheduling path are responsible for assessing and approving or denying interchange transactions on the path based on: adequacy of the interconnected Operations Service (IOS). Transmission Service Providers on a scheduled path are responsible for assessing and approving or denying interchange transactions on the path based on: Transmission rights. The Balancing Authority or Purchasing-Selling Entity responsible for submitting the tag for an interchange transaction must include the following tag data: energy to be produced by the generator for each time segment of the transaction. The Balancing Authority or Purchasing-Selling Entity responsible for submitting the tag for an interchange transaction must include the following tag data; the manner in which losses are taken into consideration. A Reliability Coordinator (RC) needs to curtail an interchange transaction due to the implementation of an approved transmission loading relief procedure. Once the sink Balancing Authority receives the modified tag from the RC, to which entities must the sink Balancing Authority communicate the modified information, as well as the composite approval status for the modified transaction? All Balancing Authorities on the scheduling path. A Reliability Coordinator (RC) needs to curtail an interchange transaction due to the implementation of an approved transmission loading relief procedure. Once the sink Balancing Authority receives the modified tag from the RC, to which entities must the sink Balancing Authority communicate the modified information, as well as the composite approval status for the modified transaction? All Transmission Service Providers on the scheduling path. For a given interchange transaction, the Balancing Authorities (BAs) on the scheduling path are responsible for assessing and approving or denying the transaction. The BA must verify and assess the following: ability of generators to accommodate the required ramp. For a given interchange transaction, the Balancing Authorities (BAs) on the scheduling path are responsible for assessing and approving or denying the transaction. The BA must verify and assess the following: proper connectivity of adjacent BAs. During current-day operations, a Reliability Coordinator (RC) identifies one of its Balancing Authorities (BAs) as a major contributor to low interconnection frequency and inadvertent interchange throughout the RC's area. The RC is required to direct the BA to rebalance its generation, load and interchane to bring the BA back into compliance with which NERC standard(s)? Control Performance Standard (CPS) What types of interchange schedules are allowed to have ramp durations shorter than those specified as default durations in the NERC operating standards? A schedule implemented on an emergency basis, through a prearranged reserve sharing agreement, to meet the NERC Disturbance Control Standard (DCS). A Reliability events that can result in the modification of an interchange transaction include: Regional or Interconnection-wide transmission loading relief curtailments. A Reliability events that can result in the modification of an interchange transaction include: Loss of load or generation