Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917-41 GCSE history flashcards edexcel - full flashcards - also avalible on quizlet if asked - will provide name and password to set. Written by a grade 9 student who got 98% in GCSE History.
Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917-41 GCSE history flashcards edexce
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What was the percentage of peasants
80%.
amongst the Russian population?
Inflatjon after the war meant that be-
tween 1914 and 1917 the living standard
What did the war to do workers' living for workers in the town was cut by half.
standards? The workers' houses after WW1 were
badly built and poorer areas were over-
crowded
What was there a tradition of amongst Uprisings against landlords and govern-
the peasants? ment officials.
What was there a consistency of? Food shortages
Example of a liberal party against the
The Kadets.
tsar.
Example of a right wing group. The nationalists
Who were the two main parties in the left
The SRs and Social Democrats.
wing?
What were the names of the two differ-
ent parties that the Social Democrat split Mensheviks and Bolsheviks.
into?
The Mensheviks were not ready for rev-
What was a primary difference between
olution whilst the Bolsheviks were, being
the two parties?
led by Lenin.
They were in exile - Lenin in Switzerland
Where were the Bolshevik leaders in
- because they were against Russia's
1917? Why?
involvement in WW1.
How did Tsar Nicholas II's position look He had the Okhrana and the Russian
strong? parliament struggled to challenge him.
By the winter of 1916-17, his rule was in-
creasingly under threat due to the peas-
How did his authority change? When?
ants's discontent and organised opposi-
tion.
In 1916, food shortages grew worse
Outline the food shortage issue - an im-
when the army took control of railways
pact of WW1 on Russia.
and roads and took large amounts of
, Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917-41 GCSE history flashcards edexce
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food to feed the army. In Petrograd, they
were struggling to cope with food intake.
What was the daily bread ration in 1917
0.8 kilograms - not a lot
in Petrograd?
How many peasant men fought in the
Over 15 million.
army?
- it brought unhappiness and suffering to
the countryside
What leading effects did that have? 3
- a massive loss of manpower
points.
- it contributed to the decline of food pro-
duction in town and country alike
The tsar dissolved the duma in 1914 in
When did the tsar dissolve the duma and an attempt to get Russia behind his gov-
why? When did he meet the duma again ernment. In 1915, military defeats and
and why? criticism of the government forced the
tsar to allow the duma to meet again.
They asked the tsar to replace his ad-
When the duma met again, what did they
visers with new ones, but he refused.
advice the tsar? What was his response
Had he agreed, he could have shared
and why was this a stupid response?
responsibility for the war.
What did the tsar do, and when, that He made himself commander-in-chief
dramatically weakened his position and in September 1915. He was personally
why did it weaken it? blamed for the army's defeats.
When things started to go wrong in Pet-
rograd in February 1917, did the tsar No - he wasn't there to do so.
take charge?
It severely weakened his rule and lost
him the support of many who would oth-
How did the war affect the tsar?
erwise support him. The tsar put himself
into a dangerously isolated position.
Internation Women's Day, 23 February
Outline the tsar's absence from Petro-
1917. There were strikes in bakeries and
grad and what how he handled the situ-
peasants hoarded their grains in hope of
ation in Petrograd?
getting better prices for it.
, Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917-41 GCSE history flashcards edexce
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dz6n1f
- shortage of bread
What did this unrest mainly concern? - the hunger and desperation that was a
result of it.
The tsar was miles away when the city
lost control - he was at the army head-
quarters. He issued orders to his police
and army in Petrograd that the unrest
was to be stopped immediately.
- 14 February, about 80,000 people
protested, demanding the return of the
Name 2 demonstrations during the 1917 duma
winter: - On 18 February, there was anoth-
er strike that demanded higher wages,
starting in Putilov Steelworks.
Railway traffic had been disrupted and
What was the effect on Petrograd from
Petrograd began to run out of flour for
these demonstrations?
bread and fuel.
How much did the size of the crowds rise
240,000 people
to over the course of 23-25 February?
Soldiers opened fire on protesters and
What happened, focusing on the army,
killed 40 of them. These soldiers began
on 26 February?
to question their orders.
The same regiment that shot the 40 pro-
What happened, focusing on the army, testors decided that it would no longer
on 27 February? obey orders to use force against the
crowds.
The military commander of Petrograd
reported to the tsar that revolutionary
What happened, focusing on the army,
crowds were taking over all of the railway
on 28 February?
stations in the city. The commander has
few soldiers left who obeyed.
- to create a cabinet that reflected the
What was in the petition that the mem-
different parties represented in the duma
bers of the duma sent to the tsar?
- to let the duma stay in session.
What was the tsar's response? He refused both of the requests.
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