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Lecture notes

Lecture notes infection science

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Content: 1) Hematopoiesis 2) microenvironment - growth factor 3)cells of innate immune system 4) cells of the adaptive immune system 5) functions of innate immune cells 6) functions of adaptive immune cells

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  • October 28, 2023
  • 7
  • 2023/2024
  • Lecture notes
  • Richard
  • All classes

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Cells of the immune system

Hematopoiesis
 The dynamic process through which the body creates various types of blood cells.
 Stem cells in the bone marrow have the capacity to differentiate to all blood cell
types depending on the microenvironment.
 It’s vital role in maintain overall health and the immune system’s functionality.




Microenvironment – growth factor
 Erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone produced by the kidneys, stimulates the production
of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels.
 Granulocyte – monocyte colony – stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in regulating the
production of Myeloid cell types.
 Interleukin – 7 (IL-7) in supporting lymphocyte development.



Cells of the Innate immunity
 Most of them are derived from the myeloid lineage.
These include:
- Macrophages
- Monocytes

, - Granulocytes
- Dendritic cells
 Granulocytes
- Polymorphonuclear leukocytes PMN (Multilobed nucleus) – neutrophiles,
eosinophils and basophils
- Mast cells
 Agranulocytes
- Monocytes and macrophages




Macrophages
 Found in various tissues throughout the body
 Versatile immune cells
 Involved in:
- Phagocytosis
- Antigen presentation to activate the adaptive immune system
- Tissue repair
 May be localized and name based on the locations
- Kupffer cells in the liver
- Alveolar macrophages in the lungs
- Microglia in the central nervous systems
- Langhans giant cells in tuberculosis

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