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Summary AQA A level biology chapter 6 mark scheme specific gas exchange flashcards £3.49
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Summary AQA A level biology chapter 6 mark scheme specific gas exchange flashcards

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Here are some handwritten flashcards which I wrote based on information from Miss Estruch's video and the AQA A-level biology Pearson textbook. These flashcards are questions that I use to test my memory and see how much I can remember since A-level Biology is a very content-heavy subject. I have ...

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  • October 29, 2023
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Surface area to volume ratio

Small organisms
● Have a very large SA compared to their volume so faster heat loss + this heat is
replaced by a high metabolic rate
● So faster rate of aerobic respiration
● respiration/ metabolism replaces/ releases heat
● This allows efficient gas exchange as there is a big surface for exchange of substances
but there is also a smaller distance from the outside of the organisms to the middle of it

Larger organisms
● The larger an organisms is, the smaller its SA compared to its volume so faster diffusion
● Have a higher metabolic rate, which demands efficient transport of waste out of cells +
reactants into cells
● If species has higher metabolic rate, it uses more O2

Adaptations to increase SA: VR
● Villi + microvilli- maximise absorption of digested food
● alveoli + bronchioles- gas exchange in mammals
● Spiracles + tracheoles - gas exchange in insects
● Gill filaments + lamellae- gas exchange in fish
● Thin leaves- gas exchange in plants
● Many capillaries- capillary network

Explain the higher metabolic rate of small organisms
● Have larger SA: VR
● So faster heat loss
● Increased respiration to RELEASE heat

, Structure of the human gas exchange system




Inspiration IRAX
● External intercostal muscles + diaphragm contract
● Internal intercostal muscles relax
● Air press. In lungs decreases
● Vol of thorax increases
● Air moves into lungs down pressure grad, as atmospheric press. Is higher than that of
the thorax
● (Causes volume increase and) pressure decrease




Expiration: EXDRELAX
● External intercostal muscles + diaphragm relax
● Internal intercostal muscles contract
● Air press. In lungs increases
● vol of thorax decreases
● Air moves out of lungs down press grad as the press. In thorax is higher than that of the
atmosphere

Pulmonary ventilation calculation
● Is the total vol of air that is moved into the lungs during 1 minute

Pulmonary ventilation (dm3min-1) = tidal vol (dm3) x ventilation rate (min-1)

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