Lecture notes

Lecture notes BIOL2018 temperature regulation

0 purchase

Module

Institution
University Of Southampton (UOS)

Lecture notes from various lectures in BIOL2018 adaptive physiology, temperature regulation. Covering: environmental and body temperature relationships, strategies in thermal regulation, temperatures' dominant effect on biological processes, ectotherms, thermoreception and dormancy

[Show more]

Preview 2 out of 8 pages

View example

Uploaded on December 11, 2023
Number of pages 8
Written in 2021/2022
Type Lecture notes
Professor(s) Herman wijnen
Contains Biol2018 temperature regulation

adaptation
adaptive physiology
physiology
temperature
temperature regulation
regulation
environment
homeostasis
conformers
metabolism
thermal
ectotherms
endotherms
thermoreception

Institution University of Southampton (UOS)
Education Unknown
Module Unknown

£5.49

Add to cart

Save

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

Temperature Regulation
Environmental and body temperature relationships
Heat exchange
 Conduction – transfer of heat between two objects that are in physical contact
 Convection – transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas) against an
object
 Radiation – radiated heat – heat you can sense without contact
 Evaporation – liquid water changes to water vapour as a result of absorbing heat
from wet object - only way to transfer heat when environmental temperature
>=body temperature
Strategies for temperature homeostasis
 Thermoconformers – don’t control internal state – therefore conform to the
environment – TB = TA
 Thermoregulators – control internal state – therefore regulate against thermal
gradient – increase/decrease in heatloss/production as required – T B ≠ TA
Relative temperatures
 Warmblood = 180C above ambient temperature
 Cold blooded = ambient temperature
 Can be confusing as leather back turtles are warm blooded whereas naked mole rat
is cold blooded
Changeable body temperature
 Poikilothermic – derived from Greek Poikilos – changeable
 Homeothermic – meaning stable body temp
 In stable environment all have stable TB
 Ectotherms – heat from environment
 Endotherms – heat from metabolic processes
Conformers Vs Regulators
 Conformers (ectotherms) – tolerate wide range of intetnal variation but narrow
environmental limits
 Regulators (endotherms) – tolerate narrow range of internal variation, but wide
environmental limits
 Both conformity and regulation are homeostatic mechanisms that allow for survival
in a changing environment
 Acclimation and acclimitization allow animals to adapt further
Metabolic physiology
 Endotherms can use metabolism to generate the heat they need to maintain a stbale
body temperature
 Metabolic rate – one of the most commonly measured physiological variables, and is
a measure of the total energy used by an animal per unit time
Processes that use and generate energy:
 Anabolic – assembly of simple compounds into complex molecules that are required
by organism – associated with growth and conversion of dietary components into
storage compounds

,  Catabolic – breakdown of complex energy rich molecules into simpler molecules –
these reactions produce energy that can be used to perform work or is eventually
lost as heat
How is metabolism measured
 Direct calorimetry – determined by measuring the amount of heat released by an
organism over a given period
 Indirect calorimetry:
 metabolic rate = (energy content of food – energy content of waste products)/time
 doubly labelled water technique (2H218O) where 18O is lost through metabolic CO2 and
water loss but 2H is only lost through water loss
 respirometry – directly measure oxygen consumption by the animal using a closed or
open system
Heat transfer and animal size
 Body size and mass-specific metabolic rate (MR/m)
 small animals – fast MR/m
 large animals – slow MR/m
 large animals heat up and cool down slowly
 small animals heat up and cool down quickly
Metabolic rate scales with surface area
 for homogenous objects surface area scales with mass to the power 0.67
 log[S]=a+0.67log[m]
 this is true for adult animals of a given species that maintain constant body
temperature
 larger animals show disproportional thickening of bones and muscle resulting in a
relative decrease in S and a coefficient of 0.63 instead of 0.67
Isometry and allometry
 Isometry – proportional scaling
 Allometry – divergence in scaling
Body size and metabolic rate (MR)
 Whole animal MR is a power function of body mass
 MR = a x mb or log [MR] = log[a] + b log[m]
 m = animal mass
 b = slope of log-log plot
 a = y-intercept of log-log plot
Levels of metabolism
 standard metabolic rate (SMR) or basal metabolic rate (BMR) – energy required to
maintain basic biological functions independent of activity, digestion or the costs of
physical stressors
 Routine metabolic rate (RMR) or field metabolic rate (FMR) – energy required for
‘normal activity’
 Active metabolic rate (AMR) – energy required to perform specific levels of activity –
the energy required to fuel the maximum level of activity defined as maximum
metabolic rate (MMR)
 Metabolic scope – the difference between SMR and MMR – has important
physiological/ecological implications as this is the energy available for an animal to
grow, digest food, support locomotion etc.
Temperature increase

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller olivereames. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £5.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

66184 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 15 years now

Start selling