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Summary Criminology Unit 1 AC1.1 model answer £4.49
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Summary Criminology Unit 1 AC1.1 model answer

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A model answer for AC1.1 of Unit 1 for Criminology Diploma WJEC, an answer that got full marks by a student who achieved 96/100 in the final exam.

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  • December 15, 2023
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Unit 1 – AC1.1 - Analyse different types of crime (4 marks)

White collar crime:

White collar crime is crimes that are committed by people who are in a position of power and
authority. There are two types of white-collar crime, including corporate crime and professional
crime. Corporate crime is where the crime is committed by or on behalf of a company. Professional
crime is crime committed by professionals. Examples of corporate crime are evading tax and
scamming customers. Examples of professional crime are defrauding customers and tax evasion.
Some actual examples of white-collar crime is the Fyre Festival, a fraudulent music festival by a con
artist, Billy McFarland and rapper Ja Rule. It was created with the intent to promote a music talent
booking app for fyre media, their company. White collar crime is both deviant and criminal. The
common victims are consumers, taxpayers, the government and employees. The types of offenders
are businesses, professionals, lawyers and anyone who is respected and in high status in their course
of occupation. However, there is limited media coverage, and it is under-reported as it is not seen as
a real crime. There are also problems like complexity as complex law enforces usually lack resources
or expertise to investigate and the power and respectability of perpetrators.

Moral crime:

Moral crime is acts that go against society's norms or moral code and morality. These crimes are
often considered victimless or by consenting adults where there are no immediate victims. Another
type of victim is people under the age of consent. Examples of moral crime are prostitution, selling
and buying illegal drugs, vagrancy and underage drinking and smoking. A real-life example is where
there was a Michigan couple who used massage parlours as front for prostitution, potentially human
trafficking and forced sex trafficking. This crime is seen as both deviant and criminal. The typical
offender varies according to the crime, but service providers and shopkeepers who sell drugs, alcohol
and cigarettes are most common. Sometimes, people commit moral crimes upon themselves, like
being forced into vagrancy or prostitution. These crimes are common but there is typically no public
awareness that offenders and victims may have a shared interest. People tend not to report moral
crimes due to either of them doing it themselves or not caring too much. Police also may not take
these crimes seriously and if they do, then people who are struggling may be put into worse
positions than they are already in.

State crime:

State crime is defined as illegal or deviant activities perpetrated by state agencies. This also includes
crime by other individuals or groups when carried out with the backing of the state. Examples of
state crime include torture, police brutality, war crimes and imprisonment without trial. A real-life
example is the Rwanda Genocide in 1994. In this crime, 800k people from the Tutsi ethnic group
were killed in a genocide sparked by ethnic tensions. Ordinary citizens were encouraged by the Hutu
power government to be violent to their citizens and neighbours. Another example is the Nazi state,
and the attempt to exterminate an entire ethnic, racial and religious group like Jewish, black and
gypsy communities. This crime is seen as deviant, but the state can choose whether in a certain time
an action is criminal or not. Common victims of state crime are citizens of a state, members of
minority groups (ethnic, religious) and political opponents of the government. Typical offenders of
state crime are politicians, civil servants, police officers and security forces. It also includes anyone
acting with the encouragement of the state (government supporters). This crime is often huge, so
the public are most likely to be aware, especially with media coverage. Though sometimes, states
often conceal their crimes by censoring media outlets or passing laws to justify their actions.

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