Exam (elaborations)

CIE Physical Geography A-level Paper 3 (v3) Q8 20 marker essay plan

0 purchase

Module
Hazardous Environments

Institution
CIE

In depth ssay plan for the CIE Geography A-level Paper 3 (v3) Q8 20 marker essay "Prediction is the most effective way of reducing the impacts of volcanic eruptions on lives and property. How far do you agree?". The essay plan provides a clear introduction and 3 main body paragraphs. Each point...

[Show more]

Preview 1 out of 2 pages

View example

Uploaded on December 17, 2023
Number of pages 2
Written in 2022/2023
Type Exam (elaborations)
Contains Questions & answers

cie
essay plan
geography alevel
volcanoes
volcanic eruption
prediction
20 marker
cie geography alevel 2018 paper 3
v3

emihmy03 Member since 1 year 8 documents sold

Prediction is the most effective way of reducing the impacts of volcanic eruptions on lives and
property HFDYA? (20 marks)

Introduction:
A volcano is a surface landform resulting room the extrusion of magma from underground. Lava, ash,
rocks and gases are all erupted in various proportions. Every year around 60 volcanoes erupt; the
vast majority of these eruptions are relatively week. However, every few years much more violent
and potential life-threatening eruption takes place, therefore volcano eruptions can represent a
huge potential hazard to people and human activity. This essay will explore the ways of reducing the
impacts of volcanic eruptions on lives and property e.g prediction, preparedness and hazard
mapping, and assess their effectiveness.

Paragraph 1:
Prediction is a way in which the impacts of volcanic eruptions can be reduced. Volcanologists
attempt to forecast volcanic eruptions, but this has proven to be nearly as difficult as predicting an
earthquake. Many pieces of evidence can show that a volcano is about to erupt, but the time and
intensity is difficult to pin down.
 A volcano about to erupt may produce a sequence of earthquakes - Moving magma shakes
the ground, so the number and size of earthquakes increase prior to a volcanic eruption
- Seismographs recording the length and strength of each earthquake are used in attempt
to determine if an eruption is imminent
 Upwelling of magma pushes volcano’s slope upwards – the ground deformation is detected
by tilt meters measuring the change in slope angle
- e.g. Mount St. Helens grew a huge bulge on North side before its 1980s eruption.
 Gas emissions – Scientists measure the gas emissions in vents on or around the volcano e.g.
sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and hydrochloride acid.
- Correlation Spectrometer is used to collect gas concentrations – often flown from
helicopters around the vent.
 Study of past patterns of volcanic activity – determine potential recurrences.
HOWEVER: accuracy is difficult
 Getting instruments on volcanoes can be difficult e.g. remote, dangerous and complicated to
work
- Difficult accessibility and high risk of collapse and explosion – imaging of active
volcanoes has been a great challenge
BUT new technology e.g. drones can be flown directly over the crater to gather data used to
determine flow velocity, movement patterns and surface temperature of volcanoes
- thermal imaging and high-resolution photographs – reduces risk of volcanologists
- German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ
 Many locations do not have adequate data due to financial constraints – sometimes looking
for wrong signals?
IMPACT OF LIVES AND PROPERTY DEPENDS ON PREPAREDNESS AND PERCEPTION OF RISK

Paragraph 2:
Preparedness is an important way in which lives and property and be protected from volcanic
eruptions.
 Iceland – Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management
 Education campaigns – emergency training and exercising to give staff hands on experience
on appropriate behavioural responses when eruption warnings are issues.
 Education of tourists – Iceland is a major tourist destination – information brochures and
emergency information app
 LT preparation – adequate post-hazard mental health provision – maintain standard of living

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller emihmy03. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £4.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

65004 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 15 years now

Start selling

Exam (elaborations)

CIE Physical Geography A-level Paper 3 (v3) Q8 20 marker essay plan

Document information

Subjects

Written for

Seller

Reviews received

Content preview