Lecture notes

radiotherapy lecture notes

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Module
Medicine

Institution
The University Of York (UOY)

includes: what is radiotherapy, radiation spectrum, ionising radiation, photoelectric radiation, radiotherapy mechanisms, terminology, clinical application

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Uploaded on December 21, 2023
Number of pages 3
Written in 2021/2022
Type Lecture notes
Professor(s) Azeem saleem
Contains All classes

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1
Thursday, 28/10/2021
Week 6, Lecture
Dr Azeem Saleem
Radiotherapy
What is radiotherapy?
 Use of ionising radiation to treat disease
 Treatment modality
 Mainly used to treat cancer
 50% of patients with cancer have radiotherapy
 Can also be used for other diseases such as keloids and COVID
Radiation spectrum
 Frequency increases towards the right
 Electromagnetic spectrum has a wave
 As the frequency gets higher the energy gets higher
 Starts with ultraviolet and goes to where radiotherapy is
 Start getting ionising radiation at this point
Ionising radiation
 Any radiation over a certain frequency which can create ions
 Water – any radiation can dislodge electrons from the water molecule and create an
electron
 Bound together by chemical bonds so the radiation needs to be strong enough to
break the bonds
 Carcinogenic in nature
 Typically used for X-Rays and CT scans
 Megavoltage radiation
 Main sources are gamma rays and photons
 Have no mass
Photoelectric effect versus Compton scattering
 Megavoltage
o Compton scattering
o Produces ongoing cascade of electrons
o Independent of the atomic number
o No absorption of rays in the bone
o Radiation therapy – not absorbed in the bones so less side effects
 Kilovoltage radiation
o x-rays
o photo-electric effect
o energy is deposited onto an atom
o depends on the atomic number – higher the number the more absorbed
o as bones have a high atomic number this is absorbed by the bones showing
the picture
Radiotherapy: Mechanism
 When it ionises it creates free radicals
 Very highly reactive
 Creates DNA damage which results in damage to the radiated area
 Both to normal tissue and the tumour
 The aim is to damage the tumour
 Oxygen very important for effectiveness

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