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The Multi-Store Model of Memory

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High quality class notes on the Multi-store model of memory for AQA A-level Psychology. In-depth notes on each component, with labelled diagram and four thorough evaluation paragraphs to be used for an 8 or 16 mark essay.

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  • January 2, 2024
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  • 2022/2023
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Psychology – The multi-store model of memory
Key terms:
Multi-store model – a representation of how memory works in terms of three stores
called the sensory register, short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM).
Sensory register – the memory stores for each of our five senses e.g. vision (iconic store)
and hearing (echoic) store. The capacity of the sensory memory is huge and information
lasts for a very short time (less than half a second).
Short-term memory – The limited-capacity memory store. Coding is mainly acoustic
(sounds) and capacity is 7 plus or minus 2 items, on average. Duration is about 18
seconds.
Long – term memory – The permanent memory store. Coding is mainly semantic
(meaning), it has unlimited capacity and can store memories for up to a lifetime.
Capacity – the amount of information that can be held in a memory store.
Encoding – the format in which information is stored in the various memory stores.
Duration – the length of time information can be held in a memory.
The Multi – store model: Maintenance rehearsal


Input: Sensory register
Short-term Long-term
stimulus Attention
Iconic memory Meaningful memory
from the
store (STM) rehearsal store (LTM)
environment Echoic

Other sensory Retrieval
stores
Information
retrieval



Sensory Register – All stimuli from the environment pass into the sensory register. This
part includes several memory stores (one for each of our five senses).
 Encoding – coding depends on the sense (modality-specific). E.g. visual
information is iconic memory and sound information is echoic memory.
 Duration – very brief (less than half a second).
 Capacity – very high (millions of bits of information).
 Attention is a key process for information to pass further into the memory
system.
Short-term memory – STM is more of a temporary store.

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