Summary

Summary classical conditioning theory, research & evaluation

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Module
Unit 4 - Learning theories

Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)

a diagram of how classical conditioning works, Aims, Porcedure, Results & Conclusion of research for classical conditioning Evaluation (SCOUT) psychological terminology highlighted

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Uploaded on January 4, 2024
Number of pages 6
Written in 2022/2023
Type Summary

erikakumar Member since 1 year 7 documents sold

LEARNING THEORIES

● Humans born a “blank state” (tabula rasa)

● All behaviour is a response to to a stimulus in the environment, not taking

into account cognitions

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

LEARNING BY ASSOCIATION

● Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) = Unconditioned response (UCR) based on

biology

● Neutral stimulus (NS) that normally doesn’t affect us, paired with

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) = both become associated (conditioning)

● NS = Conditioned stimulus (UCS): produces SAME reaction of UCS

● Conditioned response (CR): artificial learned response to CS

● EXTINCTION: conditioned stimuli gradually lose their association with the

original unconditioned stimuli, so revert back to NS

Prevented : CS + old UCS again to strengthen association

● SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY: association never truly forgotten so CR can still

reappear

● STIMULUS GENERALISATION: tendency of CR to appear in response to

things not original CS (stimuli similar to CS produce CR)

Enables us to apply what we’ve learned in 1 context to other similar contexts

1

, Strengths

Theory only looks at behaviors : every step in conditioning process is observable

=scientific credibility

Challenging evidence

Generalising conclusions from animal research to humans learning isn’t so clear b/C

animals different anatomy + physiology and day-to-day experiences

Difficult to tell whether one learning theory is largely responsible when something

is learned

E.g. even when associations are formed, person is being rewarded / punished at

the same time

Reductionist: reduces ALL behavior to learning through association

2

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A grade Psychology - summary Learning theories