Lecture notes
OCR A Level Geography Coasts
Really good quality notes that helped me to achieve an A in the final exam
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
Content preview
CASE STUDY: NILE DELTA, EGYPT – ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT• 39 million people Why was Aswan dam built and what are consequences on
• Pop density: 1000 ppl/km2 water and sediment supply to delta?
• Alexandria has 4.5 mn • Aswan Dam - large prestige infrastructure project for
people, largest city on Delta Egypt . Create employment opps in farming, tourism
• Delta = area of intense and secondary industry , provide irrigation and water
farming supply for country mostly desert.
• Aswan Dam constructed on • Lake Nassar created behind dam to kick start economy
Nile river 1 100km away by creating cheap HEP and encourage FDI
from mouth of river • Took 10 years to build and opened in 1970.
Changes to the Nile Delta sediment budget (due to construction of Aswan Dam):
• Reduction in amount of sediment accreted , from 120 mn tonnes/year to only trace amounts
today.
• Caused sig changes along shoreline of NW Nile Delta - accelerated erosion and rates of coastal
retreat as high as 148 m/year.
What economic developments have taken place on delta in past 25 yrs. and why?
Fish Farm Expansion:
• 1990: 81km of delta used as fish farms..2014 - 937 km2.
• Spatial distribution and pattern of fish breeding farms are mostly conc. around Lake Burullus
(31%).
• People benefit from being close to sea - pump sea water into artificial ponds - used to breed fish.
• Fish farming = crucial economic activity for Egypt, initially expanded due to population growth in
70’s but expanded further as a commercial enterprise and one of Egypt’s main food exports.
Urban Growth:
• One of the major problems in Egypt and Nile Delta.
• Coastal zone has shown major urban growths that extensively expanded to cover about
1686 km2 in 2014. In 1990 urbanized area ltd to about 250 km2.
• Road construction along coastal zone in 2014 was about 2900 km - increased by about 35% in last
25 years. Such infrastructure development was another accelerating factor for changing land use
in study area particularly for urban and fish farming due to easy accessibility.
Agriculture:
• Nile Delta characterized by agricultural land - accommodates +55% of total pop in Egypt. In 1990
about 50% of coastal zone occupied by agriculture lands (3233 km2) – 2014: 2268 km2
• Mainly due to extensive transformation of land uses into other usage activities
• Practices not been sustainable. Intensification e.g. overgrazing activities of date palm farms at
Damietta, Rosetta and wood storage areas (near Damietta Harbour) = degradation of land.
• Intensification was result of ↑agricultural productivity = national food security.
Shoreline changes:
Rosetta promontory:
• Coastal shoreline retreat at mouth of Rosetta: 820 m - av. annual rate of recession now
25 m/year.
• Despite construction of groynes to E of Rosetta, erosion detected - area now experiences
controversial phases of accretion and erosion - shoreline advancement of +40 m/yr and a retreat
of −8.5 m/yr. Groynes constructed too close to each other - small interval distances b/n.
Damietta promontory:
• Shoreline retreat at mouth of Damietta is 1330 m – av. annual rate of recession is 36 m/year.
• Sediment eroded from Damietta carried by current (W-E) and deposited in spit system.
• Downdrift of Damietta promontory, ↑rates of deposition and advancement of spit system
reaching a maximum of 1002 m length with an average yearly growth rate of 28 m/year.
Rising Sea Levels in the Med of 1.2 mm/year have contributed to ↑erosion rates as deeper water = larger
waves with ↑amounts of energy and these reach further inland.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jenniferjury. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £7.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now