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electronic structure & bonding and structure summary

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detailed notes on content in module 2 including: electronic astructure and configuration, bonding and structure, types of intermolecular forces and shapes of covalent molecules diagrams to aid learning

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  • January 7, 2024
  • 7
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
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Available practice questions

Flashcards 33 Flashcards
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Some examples from this set of practice questions

1.

what is an orbital ?

Answer: region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons, with opposite spins

2.

electro notation order

Answer: 1. energy level 2. sub shell 3. orbital

3.

shapes of orbital

Answer: spherical and dumbbell-shaped

4.

which type of orbital is spherical ?

Answer: s orbital

5.

types of subshells

Answer: s, p, d, f

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Some examples from this set of practice questions

1.

ionic bond is between which types of atoms?

Answer: metal and non metal

2.

exception of an ionic bond

Answer: NH4Cl

3.

ionic bond occurs in which groups of the periodic table?

Answer: 1,2 , d block except Al

4.

definition of an ionic bond

Answer: strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

5.

3 propertes of ionic bonds

Answer: static, fixed electrons and static charge

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Some examples from this set of practice questions

1.

why do covalent molecules have different shapes ?

Answer: have different number of bond and lone pairs of electrons

2.

what is a lone pair of electrons ?

Answer: not involved in covalent bonding

3.

what is a bond pair of electrons ?

Answer: involved in covalent bonding

4.

which type of electron pairs repel more strongly ?

Answer: lone pairs

5.

why do lone pairs repel more strongly than bond pairs ?

Answer: they are closer to the central atom, occupying more space than a bonded pair

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Some examples from this set of practice questions

1.

3 types of intermolecular forces

Answer: london forces, permanent dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds

2.

what is meant by intermolecular forces ?

Answer: forces acting between molecules

3.

are ionic, covalent bonds types of intermolecular forces?

Answer: No because they act within molecules

4.

london forces can also be called ...

Answer: induced dipole-dipole interactions

5.

london forces occur when ..

Answer: random electron movement causes a temporary dipole, which induces a further temporary dipole in neighbouring molecules.

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
Electrons have fixed energies and move around the nucleus in shells / energy levels
(principal quantum number)
Shells further from the nucleus have a higher energy and a larger principal quantum
number than shells closer to the nucleus
Shells are divided into sub shells
Different electron shells have different numbers of sub shells with a different energy
Sub shells have different number of orbitals that can hold up to 2 electrons
Sub shells : s-, p-, d-, f- .
S: 1 orbital =2 e-
P: 3 =6e-
D: 5 = 10e-
F: 7 =14e-

An orbital is an area around the nucleus in which an electron moves in
Orbitals within the same sub-shell have the same energy
2 electrons in a orbital spin in opposite directions = spin pairing
S orbital is spherical
P orbital is dumbbell shaped ( 3p orbitals at right angles to one another)

Shells and total number of electrons
1st: 2
2nd: 8
3rd: 18
4th: 32 (sum of all other electrons in other orbitals)

, ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION (number of electrons and how they’re arranged)




1 box= orbital
1 arrow = electron
Up & down arrows = electrons spinning in opposite directions

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