100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary League of Nations in the 1920s £8.49
Add to cart

Summary

Summary League of Nations in the 1920s

 5 views  0 purchase
  • Institution
  • CIE

The notes go through the aims of the Big Four, Treaty of Versailles, reactions to the treaty, other treaties and successor states, changing relations 1920-29, organisation and covenant of the League of Nations, successes and failures, strengths and weaknesses.

Preview 3 out of 21  pages

  • January 24, 2024
  • 21
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
All documents for this subject (1)
avatar-seller
elodiecommissaris
AS HISTORY NOTES - LEAGUE OF NATIONS 1920s

BIG 4 Aims: Bolshevik Russia = excluded due to civil war

Georges Clemenceau (France): aka. ‘the Tiger’
• high reparations
• return of Alsace-Lorraine
• Rhineland —> independent state (Lloyd George ≠ want this)
• Saar basin —> France to compensate for destroyed pits in North (Lloyd George ≠ want
this)
• German disarmament
• high reparations
• break up Germany into smaller states
• French security by preventing G recovery
• strong, independent Polish, Czechoslovak & Yugoslav states
• alliance w/Br + USA
**cripple Germany + revenge** esp. after 1 million dead + 3 million wounded


Woodrow Wilson (USA):

**fair peace, not revenge** —> based off 14 Points “peace w/o victory”
14 POINTS:

1. no secret treaties
Wilson = idealist +
2. free access to sea (in war & peace) impractical w/little
3. free trade
understanding of
European problems
4. disarmament

5. colonies have say in future Supported ceding G land
to Pol/Fr/Bel where there
6. German troops leave Russia was a majority population
7. Belgium = independent of occupying forces of that nation
8. Alsace Lorraine —> France

9. frontier change —> Italy + Austria-Hungary

10. self determination for Eastern Europe

11. Serbian access to sea

12. self determination for Turkish Empire

13. Poland = independent state w/access to sea

14. League of Nations

1

,David Lloyd George (Britain):

• please voters - ‘make Germany pay’
• German economic recovery (despite anti-G public opinion)
• ability to trade w/Germany
• high reparations (Dominions also wanted share)
• barrier against Communism
• Germany not to seek future revenge


Orlando (Italy):
despite being part of Big Four,
• please voters (show Italy ≠ weak + couldn’t be dictated to) decisions mainly made by Big 3
• fulfil promises made by Entente in 1915 (Treaty of London) to receive Tyrol + Dalmatia
+ Fiume (Adriatic)


Japan:
• recognition of territorial gains made during war
• racial equality in Covenant of LoN


Treaty of Versailles
- 28 Jun 1919
Terms:
L - land + LoN
A - armaments + anschluss
G - guilt
E - empire
R - reparations

1. TERRITORY
Germany lost
• Alsace Lorrain —> France 13% land
• Eupen + Moresnet + Malmedy —> Belgium
6.5 million Germans
• West Prussia + Posen —> Poland (Polish corridor) under foreign rule
• Northern Schleswig —> Denmark
Rhineland = industry
• Estonia + Latvia + Lithuania —> Independent
Saar = coal
Danzig = trade

2

, • Danzig —> LoN (free city)
• Saarland —> LoN (profits to France for 15 yrs while Fr coal mines being restored -
plebiscite after 15yrs)

• Marienwerder + Allenstein —> plebiscite (voted to stay in G)

• Grand Duchy of Luxembourg = neutral

• Rhineland = divided into 3 occupied zones for 15yrs (each zone evacuated after 5yr)



2. MILITARY
• 100,000 men + no general staff
Germany = humiliated +
• navy: 6 battleships + 30 smaller ships + 15,000 men vulnerable
• no submarines + no airforce
• Rhineland = demilitarised
• weapons/aircraft/ships destroyed
• conscription banned
USA + Br wanted small professional G army BUT General Foch (commander of all Allied
forces in WW1) claimed it would be tightly organised + capable of quick expansion
Foch = overruled —> Inter-Allied commissions to monitor disarmament


3. GUILT (Clause 231)
• provided moral justification + legal basis for reparation clause
• held G + allies responsible for causing WW1 ∴ should pay compensation for damage


Shandong
4. COLONIAL Japan wanted to keep ex-German territory in Shandong
China claimed it should return to them (despite
• German East Africa —> Britain
recognising Japanese rights there in 1915: 21
• Cameroon + Togoland —> France Demands)
China = 2 seats at PPC vs. Japan = 5
• German Samoa —> New Zealand USA wanted to block Japan growth in Pacific ∴
supported China but Br+Fr wanted to protect their own
• German South West Africa —> South Africa rights in China ∴ supported Japan
COMPROMISE: Japan verbally agrees to restore
• Pacific islands —> Japan Chinese control by 1922
China = outraged + doesn’t sign ToV
• Juba Valley —> Italy
Turned US Senate against ToV




3

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller elodiecommissaris. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £8.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

53068 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now

Start selling
£8.49
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added