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Summary Senate source summaries

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Summaries of sources relating to the Senate for OCR A-Level Ancient History.

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  • September 4, 2018
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Augustus

Augustus Res Gestae

Increased patricians, revised roll senate 3x.

28-7BC: 6th & 7th consul, after civil wars, master, transferred republic SPQR: Au,
laurel, civic crown, shield (courage, clemency, justice, piety); above auc, equal pot.
2BC: Pater patriae.

Tacitus Annals

Lep + Ant with Au against Pom+cra, princeps, ruled whole state. Not triumvir –
consul, trib power. Gifts – army; corn – people; peace: increased power, no
opposition (war & proscription).

Magistrates trad titles, most no memory republic, revolution complete, Au kept safe.

Cassius Dio Maecenas advice

No tyranny: pass laws with counsel & no opposition; plan wars’ choose officials;
choose honours & punishments. Law not debate, no rivalries or factions.

No old powers; retain honours, reduce influence so no revolution. No posts abroad,
no officials command army.

Prefect from leading citizens with experience; govern city (radius 100 miles) all time.

Ex-praetors provinces; others few terms beneath in provinces -> consul -> governor.

Salaries for provincials, 3-5 year terms (too little: inexperience, too much: rebel).

Method government

Oc’s leadership confirmed SPQR: senatorial provinces (peace), imperial (stronger,
insecure, dangerous, rebellious) → senators unarmed for war. Senatorial governed
annually by lot – proconsul (ex-consuls, and ex-praetors). Imperial provinces –
appointed by Oc, pro-praetors (even if ex-consuls).

Proconsuls transferred appointed by Oc after bad governance – list of candidates,
lots from that.

Governors instructed by Oc, & given salaries.

Some laws put before assembly in case unpopular, encouraged suggestions,
allowed freedom of speech, some amendments. Council: consul, one from each
office, fifteen from lot in Senate. All legislation put forward by Oc put through council
then senate: less important matters before senate fully; council helped with some
cases. Senate made own judgements still, conducted some negotiations. Elections

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