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Summary Gender and Religion
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Key Names:WHO IS MOST RELIGIOUS? Women or Men Miller and Hofman, Davie, Weber
Important Statistics:
-66% of regular church goers are women.
-86% of 35,000 women said they were affiliated with religion compared to 79% of men.
-66% of women pray daily vs 49% of men.
-Women are more likely to say religion is “very important” (60% vs 47%).
WOMEN appear to be most religious because… MEN appear to be most/as religious because…
Reason Explanation Reason Explanation
Canalisation, Women are guardians of the family, so atend church in order to ensure the children’s moral Private Prayer DAVIE AND BELLAH – individuation.
Primary development by introducing them to approved social values. Men may be more likely to pray at home as they don’t have time to go to
Socialisation It has been found that women among the age of childbearing do not atend church. church, but they still pray. Also, as it is private it can be argued that they
MILLER AND HOFFMAN – women are socialised diferently to men into nurturing aspects related to are the most religious as they are not doing it for social gratifcation or to
traditional femininity. Making them less confrontational, aggressive and goal orientated and more co- socialise.
operative and caring. Triple Shif. Women can be just as career orientated as men, so they have
DAVIE – women associate God with “feminine values” such as love, comfort and forgiveness. Which are less spare time in order to practise religion.
linked with traditional femininity and family roles.
However, men associate God with power and control. Men are not always home to protect (paternal Men Dominate HOLM AND BOWKER- men form the beliefs of the religions, they created
role) their families so may pray for protection. Religion and transmited sacred writings and have controlled worship and other
important rituals for centuries.
Greater Life Women are more likely to widow and therefore turn to religion for comfort and a support network. This is only because women don’t have the opportunity.
Expectancy / However, are they seeking religion for the wrong reasons? Women may just atend to socialise rather
Closer to than due to their religiosity. Ethnocentricit Men show greater commitment and involvement than women. In Islam,
Life and There are naturally more women in the population so they turn up more in fgures as they live longer. y young men are the biggest atendees.
Death Therefore, does this make men less religious? Atendance at a synagogue or mosque doesn’t show religiosity as it’s a
DAVIE - Women are more aware of the vulnerability of life as they are closer to life and death. Due to tradition for men to go.
biological involvement through childbirth and greater participation in paid caring jobs e.g. teachers,
nursing etc., women are also more exposed to ups and downs.
Status Women are more likely to face social deprivation and marginality. Women are more likely to be less
Frustration powerful than men in a patriarchal society, particularly working-class women and women who are
and isolated in the home and not in paid employment.
Marginality Men may sufer from status frustration within employment and may turn to religion as a form of help
due to lack of fulflment.
Women lack personal fulflment as they’re confned to the home by the constraints of the triple shif.
WEBER – religious participation helps to overcome/compensate for patriarchy.
HOLM – religion does not compensate but instead provides theodicies refecting their feelings.
Women now dominate New Age Movements due to the break away from traditional ideas where males
dominate the main religions.
Women have tried to reduce the imbalance between males and females within religion. They atend
church to be seen as equal.
DOUGLAS – However, are they seeking religion for the wrong reasons? Also, women have a second-class
status within religion sometimes being forbidden to enter sacred places. For example, Orthodox Judaism
women have to sit separately from men and away from the service.
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