Lecture notes
Unit 4 - Oscillations and waves
- Institution
- CIE
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AS LEVELPHYSICS
,14 Waves ................................................................3
14.1 Progressive waves ......................................................3
Describing waves ........................................................3
Wave speed ................................................................5
Wave energy ..............................................................5
14.2 Transverse and longitudinal waves ..............................7
Longitudinal and transverse waves ................................7
14.3 Determination of frequency and wavelength of sound waves 8
Determining wavelength and speed of sound ................9
14.4 Doppler effect .........................................................10
The Doppler effect .....................................................10
14.5 Electromagnetic spectrum .........................................13
Electromagnetic waves ...............................................13
Electromagnetic radiation ...........................................14
Orders of magnitude ..................................................14
Nature of electromagnetic waves ................................15
15 Superposition ...................................................16
15.1 Stationary waves .....................................................16
Principle of superposition of waves .............................16
15.2 Diffraction ...............................................................22
Diffraction of waves ...................................................22
15.3 Interference, two- source interference .......................24
Interference ..............................................................24
Young double-slit experiment ......................................28
15.4 Diffraction gratings ..................................................32
, 14 WAV E S
This topic introduces the basic properties of transverse and longitudinal pro
including the determination of the frequency and speed of sound waves. Th
electromagnetic spectrum is also introduced.
These basic properties of waves are developed further into a study of the D
and of ultrasound for diagnostic purposes.
The ideas of simple wave behaviour, such as reflection and refraction of lig
useful prior knowledge.
14 .1 P R O G R E S S I V E WA
LEARNING OUTCOMES
C ANDIDATES SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
A. describe what is meant by wave motion as illustrated by vibration in rop
ripple tanks
Describing waves
- When you pluck string of guitar, it vibrates; vibrations create wave in air w
sound. All vibrations produce waves of one type or another; waves that m
material (or vacuum) are called progressive waves. Progressive wave tran
from one position to another.
- At seaside, wave is what we see on surface of sea; water moves around and
across surface. In physics we extend idea of wave to describe many other p
including light, sound, etc. Imagine idealized wave - you will never see per
sea.
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