Seminar 3 Lecture Outline:
PART A: THE NEED FOR CONSTITUTION & SELF DECLARATION
Lecture 1: What Is Constitution?
o What is constitution?
- Vesting of legal title in trustees
- General rule:
Trust will be completely constituted where S has
done all in his power to vest the trust property in
the trustees
NOTE: this doesn’t mean it has vested, it means
the settlor has done all they can do to make it
vest
o Why do we need constitution?
- Enforcement by benefciaries
If completely constituted:
Benefciaries can enforce trust obligations
If you have a completely constituted trust,
you are now no longer a potential
benefciary, you now have an asset won’t
have it yet because it needs to be
distributed to you but you can have an
asset because you can now enforce the
trust obligations
Therefore, if you don’t get what you need
you are entitled to sue
If incompletely constituted:
Benefciary can enforce promise to create
trust if has given consideration for grant of
benefcial interest this is rare
Benefciary cannot enforce promise if no
consideration present
Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999
Modifes rules as we shall see later for
certain trusts
Still need consideration
o Basis of Equitable Intervention:
- Equity follows the law, but not slavishly nor always:
Equity will help protect a completed right:
There will be situations where the settlor
has done everything they can do but title
hasn’t actually been vested
Equity will intervene
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