Lecture notes
Introduction to Medical Biotechnology
- Institution
- Newcastle University (NCL)
Green, red, blue and white Biotechnology.
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Lecture 1: introductionAssessment of the module:
In course assessment (30% of module)
You will plan and write an essay in 1 hour, under exam conditions. The question will
be drawn from specific lectures.
Topic area released: 6th December 2023
Exam date: 8th January 2024.
Further details will be given during the PIP tutorial sessions:
Wednesday 6th December or Friday 8th December 2023.
Final Examination (70% of module)
You will plan and write 2 essays from a choice of 4 under exam conditions (2 hours).
The questions can drawn from any lecture on the module.
Biotechnology
Biotechnology can be defined as the use of living organisms or the products of
living organisms for human or animal benefit
Or put more simply – technology based on biology
Medical Biotechnology is the use of living cells and cell materials to produce
pharmaceutical and diagnostic products that help in the diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of human disease.
Green Biotechnology – Agricultural Biotechnology
Red Biotechnology – Biopharmaceuticals
White Biotechnology – Industrial Biotechnology
Blue Biotechnology – Aquatic uses of Biotechnology
Agricultural Biotechnology (Green Biotechnology)
Agricultural Biotechnology is a collection of techniques used to improve plants,
animals and micro-organisms. Includes genetically engineered, pest resistant plants
that do not need to be sprayed with pesticides, development of plants/foods with
higher nutritional value (golden rice), resist stresses such as drought, frost, high soil
salinity, nitrogen starvation.
, Since 1995 farmers across the world have been using GM crops. In 2010 16.7
million farmers in 28 countries planted GM crops (10% of worlds agricultural land).
The global value of biotech crops reached $17.2 billion in 2017 and 189.9 million
hectares of land was used.
GMOs are prevalent in the world: 170.3 million hectares planted in 2012 (size of
Spain, Germany, France and UK combined). In 2017, 189.8 million hectares.
This shows it as a bad thing:
Overlap Medical Biotechnology
The use of plants as sources of pharmaceuticals (molecular pharming) e.g. Tobacco
plants have been engineered to produce recombinant proteins in their leaves.
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