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Unit 4B Laboratory techniques and applications
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
Unit 4B, making a nail polish remover. Achieved a distinction in this, feel free to use however you want.
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ASSIGNMENT 4BMAKING A NAIL VARNISH REMOVER
ETHYL ETHANOATE:
Ethyl acetate, commonly referred to as ethyl ethanoate, is a liquid
organic substance with the formula C4 H8 O2 or CH3-COO-CH2-CH3.
Ethyl acetate is a clear liquid with a sweet, fruity scent. This natural
product comes from the Easter formed from the acid acetic and
ethanol reaction. With a point of boiling of 77.1 degrees C, it is an
extremely flammable and irritating liquid. But because it is
inexpensive and non-toxic, its main use is as a solvent. Due to its
incapability to carry out condensations, transesterifications, and
hydrolysations, this easter is typically not employed as a reaction
solvent. besides to being used in several perfumes, it is used to add
fake flavours to many products. In addition, it is utilised in paints,
glues, and nail varnish removers. Tea and coffee beans can also be
decaffeinated using this method. For use as a solvent, it can be
produced on an industrial scale or in a laboratory.
PREPARATION OF ETHYL ETHANOATE IN LABORATORY.
In a lab, alcohol and an acid can react while being supported by a
catalyst to produce ethyl acetate. Catalysing the reaction often
involves conc. H2SO4. Water and an Ester will be the end results.
Apparatus:
Water bath, Beaker, Bunsen burner, heatproof mat, a tripod, and a
gauze, stand and clamp, pear-shaped flask, condenser, rubber tubes,
conical flask, thermometer, funnel, rubber band, capillary tube.
Chemicals:
, Ethanol, Anti-bumping granules, glacial ethanoic acid, sulphuric acid,
water, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate.
Method:
- I first set up all the equipment, including the Bunsen burner,
heatproof mat, tripod and so on, but I did not turn on the heat at
that time.
- Then I filled a pear-shaped flask with 10 cm3 of ethanoic acid and
15 cm3 of ethanol, respectively, along with some anti-bumping
granules, and attached it to the stand.
- Then I joined the condenser to the flask and slowly began adding
the conc. sulphuric acid, around 1 cm3. I then connected a tube of
rubber to the cold water tap at the bottom of the condenser and a
second rubber pipe to the top of the condenser to allow water to
drain.
- I started heating the mixture and let it reflux for 15 to 20 minutes
before turning off the burner on the Bunsen.
- After rearranging the equipment, I set on the heat and placed a
thermometer in a water bath and the conical flask for collecting the
Ester. I then carried out the process of distilling to purify the mixture.
A temperature range of 65-75 degrees was used for distilling the
Ester.
- The next stage was to pour the mixture into a funnel that was
already filled with about 20 cm3 of water. I then gave the funnel a
few quick shakes to release any vapour pressure and separate the
two layers.
-I next reduced the gas bubbles by adding 5cm3 of sodium carbonate
before separating the dense watery layer from the bottom. After
that, I used 20 cm3 of water to wash the last layer and shook the
layers apart.
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