100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Summary Biopsychology Complete Revision Notes (Psychology AQA A-Level) £13.00
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. AQA
  4.  
  5. Psychology
  6.  
  7. Biopsychology (7182)

Summary

Summary Biopsychology Complete Revision Notes (Psychology AQA A-Level)
 0 purchase
  • Institution
  • AQA

Complete Biopsychology revision notes for AQA Psychology A-Level, written by a straight A* student. Includes PEEL paragraphs for every topic and diagrams where needed. Well organised and in order. Includes collated information from class, textbooks and online. Topics include: The nervous system, ...

[Show more]
Last document update: 10 months ago

Preview 3 out of 26  pages

Document information

  • No
  • Biopsychology
  • April 16, 2024
  • April 16, 2024
  • 26
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

Connected book

book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:

More summaries for

All for this textbook (148)

Written for

All documents for this subject (356)

Seller

avatar-seller
izzyjohns1

Reviews received

Content preview

Biopsychology


Biopsychology
The nervous system
The nervous system is made of a
specialised network of cells and is our
primary communication system
(control centre).

Functions
‣ To collect, process and respond to
information in the environment
‣ To coordinate the workings of di erent organs and cells in the body

The central nervous system (CNS)
Functions
‣ Controls behaviour
‣ Regulates the body’s physiological process
The brain
‣ The cerebral cortex (outer layer) is highly developed in humans due to higher cognitive
functioning ability
‣ Motor and sensory neurones travel through the brain to pass impulses between the
brain and spinal cord

Brain stem: This is responsible for regulating automatic functions (breathing, heartbeat)

Cerebrum: The largest part which is divided into 4 lobes (Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and
Temporal) each with di erent functions. The cerebrum is split into 2 halves - cerebral
hemispheres which are specialised for particular behaviours which communicate via the
corpus callosum.

Cerebellum: Beneath back of the cerebrum which controls motor skills,
balance and controls muscles.

Diencephalon: Above the brain stem, underneath the cerebrum. Includes
the hypothalamus (regulation of body temp, hunger, release of hormones)
and the thalamus (relay station for nerve impulses from senses)

The spinal cord
‣ Receives and transmits information to and from the brain to the PNS
‣ Allows brain to regulate bodily processes
‣ Allows the brain to coordinate voluntary movements
‣ Responsible for re ex actions without involving the brain

The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
‣ Main function is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, serving as a relay
between the brain and spinal cord and rest of the body
‣ Messages in the PNS transfer from the CNS to the rest of the body and vice versa
Page 1 of 26 A Level Psychology Paper 2


fl ff ff

,Biopsychology

Divisions of the peripheral nervous system
The somatic nervous system (SNS)
‣ In charge of voluntary actions (consciously)
‣ Controls skeletal muscles and connects with
the senses
‣ Is connected to the CNS and sensory organs
by motor and sensory neurones
‣ It also allows re ex actions to occur very quickly without the CNS via sensory, relay and
motor neurones

The autonomic nervous system (ANS)
‣ Regulates involuntary actions (unconsciously)
‣ Controls smooth muscles and glands such as organs that are vital to the body
‣ Made up of a collection of motor neurones doesn’t contain any
sensory neurones
‣ The brainstem controls communication
The sympathetic system
‣ Has stimulating e ects by sending neurotransmitters to parts of
the body (e.g. increasing heart rate)
‣ Involved in responses that help deal with emergencies
‣ Neurones from the SNS travel to all the body ready for rapid
action

The parasympathetic system
‣ Has inhibiting e ects by sending inhibiting neurotransmitters to
the body (e.g. slowing heart rate)
‣ Relaxes individuals when a treat has passed
‣ Slows does heartbeat and the PNS initiates digestion again

The structure and function of sensory, relay and
motor neurones
Cell body: Has a nucleus which contains genetic material of a call. The control centre.

Dendrites: Branch-like structures which protrude from the cell body, they carry nerve
impulses from neurones or sensory receptors to the cell body.

Axon: Carries the impulse away from the cell body down the length of the neuron.

Myelin sheath: Fatty layer that protects the axon and speeds up synaptic transmission.

Node of Ranvier: Gaps in the myelin sheath that speed up
transmission impulses by forcing it to jump across the gaps.

Axon terminal: At the end of the axon, communicate with the
next neuron in the chain.

Synapse: A gap between pre-and post-synaptic neuron.
Page 2 of 26 A Level Psychology Paper 2


ff
fl ff

, Biopsychology
Type of Structure Function
neuron

Sensory ‣ Dendrites in groups ‣ Carry messages from the receptors to the CNS
neuron called ganglia ‣ Cause re ex actions
‣ Long dendrites and ‣ Carry sensory information from receptors to the CNS/brain
short axon

Relay ‣ Short dendrites and ‣ Connect the sensory neurones to the motor neurones or other
neuron axon relay neurones within the CNS
‣ Responsible for communication between di erent brain regions
‣ The brain is entirely composed of relay neurones

Motor ‣ Largest cell body ‣ Carry messages from the CNS to the e ectors such as muscles
neron ‣ Short dendrites and and glands
a single, projecting, ‣ Cause muscles to contract or relax and keep the heart beating
long axon ‣ Axon exists in groups from stem cells to muscles




Synaptic transmission
Electric transmission
‣ When a neuron is in resting state it is negatively (-70mv) charged compared to outside
‣ If it is activated by a stimulus the cell body becomes more positively charged for a split
second
‣ This causes an action potential which is when an electrical impulse travels down the
axon towards the end of the neuron (terminal buttons)


Between pre and post-synaptic neurones
‣ When an action potential arrives at the terminal button, it is
transferred across the synoptic cleft by synaptic transmission
‣ It triggers the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles in
the pre-synaptic neuron terminal button (chemical messengers that
assist in the transfer of the impulse through a process called
exocytosis
‣ Neurotransmitters di use across the synaptic gap (from a high
conc. to a low conc.) and bind to specialised receptor sites on the
post-synaptic cell dendrites
‣ The binding of the neurotransmitter to the receptor causes the
chemical message to convert back to an electrical impulse where
information is passed onto this neurone

Page 3 of 26 A Level Psychology Paper 2



fl ff ff ff

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller izzyjohns1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £13.00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

68175 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 15 years now

Start selling
£13.00
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added