Lecture notes
Lecture notes Acute Care (SHN2004)
- Module
- Acute Care (SHN2004)
- Institution
- Swansea University (SWAN)
Care of the Child with Abominal Pain
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SHN2004 – Care of the Child with Abdominal PainVomiting/Abdominal Pain in Children and Young People
Introduction
Abdominal pain is one of the most commonly experienced medical issues
experienced by children and young people – whether minor to life threatening
Abdominal Pain – Detection
Toddler and has verbal ability to communicate problem
Infant requires assessment of behaviour vomiting (sometimes this is the only way
to discern that the infant is experiencing pain)
o Also young people with cognitive issues that prevents them
verbalising/expressing pain
Vomiting in the Infant – Causes
Gastro-oesophageal reflux
o Acid rises and burns the oesophagus
o When the reflux starts afters eating the infant begins to associate pain with
eating (this pattern can be established surprisingly quickly)
Feeding problems
o Breast Feeding issues
Breast feeding is typically best for the child however sometimes this is
not possible
o Formula Feeding
Potential for the wrong formula to be given to the child
Infection
o Gastroenteritis
o Respiratory tract/otitis media
Otitis media = inner ear infection
Bronchiolitis
Working hard to breath – can put pressure on their stomach
causing pain and vomiting.
Children often swallow their mucus which irritates the
stomach
o Pertussis
o UTI
o Meningitis
Dietary protein intolerances
o Breast feeding generally avoids this issue
o Some people will encourage an apparent intolerance in ordered to get free
prescription milk
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, SHN2004 – Care of the Child with Abdominal Pain
o The worried well – people who have convinced themselves that they are
intolerant to things (e.g. gluten)
Intestinal obstruction (from mouth to anus this is a long way)
o Pyloric stenosis
Occurs in more males than females
Requires surgery to fix
o Atresia – duodenal, other sites
o Intussusception
o Malrotation
o Volvulus
o Duplication
o Strangulated inguinal hernia
o Hirschsprung’s disease
Breast Milk helps to avoid this
Inborn errors of metabolism
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Renal failure
Vomiting in Preschool Children – Causes
Gastroenteritis
Infection
o Gastroenteritis
o Respiratory tract/otitis media
o Pertussis
o UTI
o Meningitis
Appendicitis
o Located at the base of the ascending colon
o Rare in the under 3s
Intestinal obstruction
o Intussusception
o Malrotation
o Volvulus
o Adhesions
Where the bowel adheres to other parts of the bowel and causes an
obstruction
o Foreign body – bezoar
Raised intracranial pressure
Coeliac disease
o Uncommon
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