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  7. Unit 3.3.5 - Alcohols

Lecture notes

Alcohols
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This is my notes on alcohols. This includes classification, oxidation of alcohols, dehydration of alcohols, distillation and reflux, production of ethanol, fermentation and hydration of ethene.

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  • May 3, 2024
  • 5
  • 2023/2024
  • Lecture notes
  • Samuel newmarch
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Structure & Properties of Alcohols
-
Alcohols have the fridional group-OH and the positions and quantity of this fretinal group ,


. The stam used you alohals is-ol
iapeated into the IUPAC nowing system
is .

H
↑
H
M
↑
ON M
↑
If 44 ON
H C -
-
C -
ON H -
C C -
-
C H -
H C - -
c -
C -
C-M
in i cit it in on in in
I
H ,




Ethanol 2-methylpropan-2-ol Butan-1 3-dial ,




Alohals be classified . Primary secondary
halgewallnes and
eas similar to
tertiary alobal
.A
poway will
- ↓

,



alobal will have the sarban banded to Or banded to one other carben ata A
only secondary .




have the
sarbm banded to the OU groups banded to the other zarkm atans A alcobal will have
tertiary .




the carbar banded to OH banded to three other erlem atans
.


HH HGH H CHH ↑
H C - -
C -
O -
W H -
C - C -
C -
H H -
C -
C -
c H
is w in on in in on i
Ethanol:
Primary Propan-2-ol : Serenduy 2-methylpopen-2-al : Testiny

-
All H-C-H bands and C-C-O bands are 109 5 Hetahedal shope) because there
.
,
are

4 banding pairs of electors all repelling eachother to a positive of minimum repulsion
.


-
Hones the C-O-W band
,
is 104 50 . (bet) because there are two banding pars and two love pais
, ,



repelling to
positions of repulsion Love pais repel more there bending pairs to the band angle is
↑


a minimum . ,



.
reduced


they bailing
n jH
:
-
Alcobals have
relatively law volatilities but have high
104 50
due to their to hyloges bands betrees alcohols
paints ability .
.




, fam
As the the
wease carben their is alcohols their
volubility deceases as
-
we ,
,



ally
-to
yam hydroge
bands is not as good
.

, Reactions of Alcohols
The
Aadijed palatidistrateKoiding entized aut an that causes alohals to oxidise
.
- ↑




An electe
ae a
oxidong is
I -
en




Patial
Oxidative of
Primary Alohals :
-




H H H HH -
We can observe a
0
H 2 C-C
-
H c - c -
c -
0 -
m + (0]k8
H2SO4
-
- + H20 calar change
from
orange
in in my Hi M
to green ,
as Cr 0, is

Propan-1-al Proporane reduced to Jr3t


This reaction inalves The resights used potassie didhanate (VI) solution
primary aleakal oiding a aldehyde
-

a to e .
are

and H- S04 .
The cardities warn and
gently distil aldehyde it gams. [O] represents the oxidizing as


agel
.
&




Full oxidative of alcohols :
primary
-




H We can observe
44M H a
-




↑

H -
c -
c -
c -
0 -
m +
2[0]
Ka(0 s
u
> -
c -
- c0 + 2M,0 calar change
from
orange
H2SO4
is i is is is 0 -
H to green ,
as Cr 0, is

Propon-1-ol Proposis and reduced to Jr3t


This reaction inalves a
priny alatal being fully oxidised to produce a carboxylis and . The
-




. The conditions
reagents used are dilute sulfire acid and accdgied potassi distranate required rare an excess
of dichromate and heat under regex .




Once the reaction has guished you can distil the products to make the products more
pare
.
-


,




Oxidation bands present
is agains chemistry means
incing the C-0 in .
organic compared
-


an




HH H W
444 ↑ ↑ 0 10
H-C-C-C-O- H OXOATSON> H c c
OXIDATION
- - -
c < H -c -
C -
C

is is is is H
in He 0-m

1 band 2 (-0 bands present 3C-0 bands
C-0
present present

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