These notes on software engineering are a comprehensive and detailed resource for anyone interested in understanding the principles and practices of software development. The author has covered essential topics such as software design, development methodologies, testing, maintenance, and project ma...
,1. Explain the term Software with its type.
Software is termed as a program which is a non-tangible component of a system. Set result of instructions which when
executed provides desired. Instructions are written in a well-organized manner, to solve particular problems.
Instructions are designed to perform a well-defined function of the computer. Types of software:
a. System Software:
It helps to start a computer, the main platform to run an application, and intermediate between hardware and
user.
• Starting computer
• Run apps
• Intermediate between User and Hardware
• Application of Software and Output hardware
b. Application software:
• Set of one or more program
• Runs on System software.
• End user taste
• Runs on the System software
• Carry specific operation
2. Explain Software Engineering.
Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned with the systematic development of software. It
is defined as a disciplined and quantifiable approach that introduces the use of methods and tools for the engineering
of software which provides a methodology for the development, operations, and maintenance of software. It is a
layered technology with four layers as follows:
a. Quality focus:
• Backbone of product.
• Must meet customer requirements.
• Continuous improvement process.
• Satisfy customer.
b. Process:
• Base of management control.
• Defined firmly development.
c. Methods:
• Results into tasks including communication, requirement analysis design modeling, and program
construction.
• Testing and support.
• Actual implementation carried on
d. Tools:
• Automatic development process.
• Efficient implementation of method.
• To deliver quality software
3. List and explain various attributes of software
• Maintainability:
Software must accept changes according to user requirements. Software is maintainable if it is sustained. Changes
due to upgrade migration, fix implementation, and retirement.
• Dependability:
It is major in systems availability reliability and maintainability this may also be in compass mechanism design to
increase and maintain the dependability of the system. It evolves reliability, safety, security, and availability which
are major attributes of the system.
• Efficiency:
Software must be efficient to automate routine system tasks by making use of available resources such as memory
and process cycle.
• Usability:
Software must be user-friendly to be used by maximum users and is available with a user manual for reference.
, 4. Write a note on the Software Process
The software process is a set of related activities that lead to the production of software products. These activities
may involve the development of software from scratch in standard programming languages like Java or C. However,
business applications are not necessarily developed in this way. New business software is now often developed by
extending and modifying existing systems or by configuring and integrating off-the-shelf software or system
components. There are many different software processes but all must include four activities that are fundamental to
software engineering: Software specification, Software design and implementation, Software validation, and Software
evolution.
5. List characteristics of software
• Software is developed or engineered
• Not manufactured
• Designed according to specs
• Logical unit determine objective
• Software doesn't wear out but curve
• Makes it totally unusable.
• Most Software is custom built, different from hardware assembled to develop new.
• Software requires of users, provided by desired functionality.
• Reusability of existing features called Component Engineer.
• Wear outstate with time progression
• Failure rate of hardware rises due to existing temperature, dust, or improper use
6. Difference between Generic Products and Customized Products.
Generic Product Customized Product
Specifications are owned by the product developer. Specifications are owned by the product developer and
controlled by the customer.
Charges are controlled and decided by the developer. Charges are negotiated between the customer and the
developer.
They are off-shelf products with pre-defined features They have exact functions which are needed for use.
and might not be for use.
Less in cost. High in cost.
Support is available for free. Support is less extensive.
7. Write a note on SDLC
The software development life cycle is used to facilitate the development of large software products at a Systematic,
well-defined, and cost-effective rate. It is a multistep, interactive process structure in a methodological way. This
process is used to model or provide a Framework. For technical and non-technical activities to deliver call it a system
that needs a business exception or manages decision-making progration. SDLC consists of the following phases:
a. Preliminary investigation.
b. Feasibility study.
c. System analysis:
• Details study of various operations.
• Relationships within and outside of the system.
• The task should be clear.
• Examine and document relevant aspects of the existing system.
• Analyzing, findings and recording results.
• Define and document in outline the proposed system.
• Test the proposed design against known facts.
• Produce a detailed report to support the proposal.
• Estimate resources required to design and implement the system.
d. Coding:
• The goal of this phase is to translate the design of the system into code in a given programming language.
• Aim of this phase is true implement design in the best possible manner.
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