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Summary - IB History - Paper 1: Moves towards a global war (impact of Nazi and Fascist ideology on foreign policy)

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IB History

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The summary details the impact of Nazism and Fascism on Italy's and Germany's foreign policy leading up to the Second World War. It is a recurring theme in IB history paper 1. It provides a succinct description and holistic approach.

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Uploaded on May 18, 2024
Number of pages 2
Written in 2023/2024
Type Summary

ib history
ib history paper 1
move towards a global war
mussolini
fascism
nazism
hitler
inter war years
wwii
influence of ideology on foreign policy
the influence of nazi ideology on foreign policy
wo

Institution Secondary school
IB History
School year 5

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IB History revision for Paper 1 - Nazi Germany, imapct of Nazism and Fascism on foreign policy

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1. Summary - Summary - ib history paper 1 - foreign policy of hitler
2. Summary - Summary - ib history - paper 1: moves towards a global war (impact of nazi and fasc...
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Evaluate the impact of ideology on the foreign policies of Mussolini and Hitler:

Nazism and Fascism:
● Ideologies belonging to the radical right
● Anti-communist, anti-liberal, authoritarian, militarist, nationalist, imperialist (terra irredenta,
Lebensraum), anti-pacifist
● Difference:
○ Nazism was more racist

1, Common enemies:
● The existence of common enemies made Italy and Germany join the Spanish Civil War
(1936-1939) on the side of Franco’s Nationalists.
● They wanted to prevent the spread of communism, and the victory of left-wing ideologies.
● It had a direct impact, as it made Mussolini and Hitler intervene in the civil war.
● Counter-claim:
○ In 1940, Germany signed an Alliance with the USSR (pragmatism over ideology)

2, Militarism and imperialism:
● Both ideologies emphasized the importance of creating a larger empire (Lebensraum, terra
irredenta)
● War was glorified, and militarism and rearmament were increased
● They were often used as social imperialism and a way to strengthen the personality cult of the
leaders (fascism promoted authoritarianism)
● This was apparent in the remilitarization of the Rhineland, the Sudetan crisis, the invasion of
Abyssinia and Albania

3, Pragmatism:
● While many of the foreign political aims of the dictators were interlaced with their ideology,
their policies were often fuelled by pragmatism. (especially that of Hitler’s)
● For instance, Hitler signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact with the USSR in 1939.
○ It went against the Nazi ideology, as the pact was signed with a communist country
○ But Hitler had pragmatic aims: he could invade Poland without having to fear a
Soviet attack, the USSR would not ally itself with Britain and France
○ While it was motivated by pragmatism, its aim was to make Hitler’s ideological
promises more attainable
● Gaining the support of Mussolini for the Anschluss:
○ support for the invasion of Abyssinia
○ Initially, Mussolini opposed the Anschluss, however, by 1936, he did not oppose it
● It was not so significant in Italy, as, unlike Hitler, Mussolini came into power without a
distinct foreign political path

4, Mussolini was linked to Hitler:
● Many historians assert that Italy’s foreign policy from 1936 on became dictated by Hitler.
● In 1936, the Rome-Berlin Axis was signed, which created greater unity between the two
countries. Besides, Mussolini no longer opposed the possibility of an Anschluss.

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