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Revision Wheel: Stuarts () - Events Leading to the First Civil War | Revision Summary

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This revision wheel contains absolutely everything you need to know about the most important events leading to the First Civil War. It will allow you to make top-level responses which consider these events thoroughly. It is optimised for retrieval practise, one of the most effective revision techni...

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Uploaded on May 28, 2024
Number of pages 1
Written in 2023/2024
Type Summary

charles i
stuarts
parliament
john pym
civil war
the grand remonstrance
irish rebellion
5 mps
revision wheel
summary
study guide

Irish The Grand
- Factors involved: Religion and Politic
- People involved: Charles, John Pym,

- Factors involved: Religion. Rebellion Remonstrance
- This event stemmed from the distrust caused
by the Irish Rebellion. Rumours of Charles
encouraging the Irish to take up arms led to
- People involved: Charles, John Pym, Parliament believing he was not fit to control
Protestants and Irish Catholics. the army.
- Pym wrote a detailed critique of Charles,
which included grievances from 1626, justified
- Ireland’s Catholic groups were afraid that the Puritans in reforms and demanded further change. For
England, Scotland and Irelands were plotting to destroy example, electing trustworthy councillors and
reinstalling Protestantism. Charles didn’t want
Catholicism. this as he had already lost the right to choose
- Catholics attacked Ulster Prots, killing 3000. This sparked his own councillors in Scotland.
- Upon his return from Scotland, Charles was
fears of a Popish plot. met by cheering crowds. Moderates did not
- Pym reports that Charles was not involved in an army plot, want change, believing it appealed to the
not fully proven evidence of Charles instructing the people and not the king. House of Lords was
upset as they were not involved. Charles - Majority of councillors supported John Pym in Common
Catholics to attack. Questions of this being forged arose. wanted to keep his power. raise several mobs to do his bidding. They would attack gu
Despite this, there was actual belief Charles had ordered - Was not terribly impactful overall, but was - Charles would replace his governor of the Tower of Lond
somewhat important in setting up future had a reputation for brutality. After numerous complaints
this attack which drove mistrust over his use of the army. events/issues. arguing he would bring disorder, Lunsford would leave aft
- Whilst this event caused mistrust, it did not directly lead to - 12 bishops claimed that anything done without them in
war. It did however influence later events, such as the Grand The were impeached and charged with high treason.
- Charles was concerned that his wife, Henrietta Maria, w
Remonstrance.
Attempted suspicion she was involved in a popish plot. To defuse the
position of Chancellor of the Exchequer, but he refused so
At what point did - Pym now faced a harsh penalty and Charles accused him

the First Civil War Arrest of Haselrig of high treason, subverting the laws and governm
Scots to invade England.

Five
- On 4th January 1642, Charles stormed into parliament w
become inevitable? five MPs, breaking the rules of the House of Commons. Th
been warned and left before Charles arrived. This even hi
- Factors involved: Military, Religion, Power.
- People involved: Falkland, Sir John Culpepper,
Members to use violence if necessary.
- As the people turned against him, Charles fled London. T
and people turned against the bishops.
Charles, Radicals and Moderates.
- Factors
of - Charles withdrew to Hampden Court as the 5 MPs return
crowds. The Commons Committee argued Charles violate
- Began in June 1942 as the propositions were put before Charles. Parliament had grown
powerful and believed they could take power.
- They demanded that Parliament choose their privy council and to enforce harsher laws
involved: Army,
power.
- People
Parliamen appointed their own Sergeant Major and believed Charles
army.
- Commons passed a series of bills. One banned bishops f
on Jesuits and Catholics. The 5 MPs were to be pardoned and Parliament would oversee
church reforms and marriages of royal children. Essentially, they wanted to strip Charles
involved: Sir
John Hotham, t placed the army under full control of the Lord Lieutenant.
Irish troops under parliamentary control.
Charles,
of his prerogative.
Moderates and
- Falkland and Culpepper drafted a reply, claiming they were a subversion of law and Radicals.
destroyed the balance between crown and Parliament.
- Charles issued the Commissions of Array claiming his right to raise an army. Parliament - In March 1642, Parliament took control of the army
without Charles’ consent as they issued the Militia
responded with attempting to raise an army of 10,000, led by Essex.
Ordinance.
- On August 18th 1642, Parliament declared Charles and his supporters enemies of the - Parliament began to take subsidies and tax, asking money
state. This led to Charles raising his standard in Nottingham, beginning the First Civil War. from the city of London and assessing counties for tax. This
raised around £400,000 and was similar to Charles’ ship
money.
- The culmination of all previous - In 1642, riots increased over food. Legislation was passed
events which sparked the war. to stop Sir John Hotham entering Hull, meaning Charles - This event was very important as it
However, without previous events, was cut off from supplies. shifted massive amounts of power
- As Parliament’s moves were illegal, many moderates away from Charles and to Parliamen
wouldn’t have happened.
begin to side with Charles. It also raised tensions hugely.
However, without previous events,
The Nineteen The Militia this could never have happened.

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