Essential Cell Biology, 5th Edition, by Bruce Alberts, Exam 4 Latest Update With Multiple, Correctly Answered Questions |Single & Multiple choice and essays|
What organelles are part of the endomembrane system? - Golgi, ER, lysosomes, endosomes, chloroplasts, peroxisomes
T/F: Mitocho...
Essential Cell Biology, 5th Edition, by Bruce
Alberts, Exam 4 Latest Update With Multiple,
Correctly Answered Questions |Single &
Multiple choice and essays|
What organelles are part of the endomembrane system? ✔- Golgi,
ER, lysosomes, endosomes, chloroplasts, peroxisomes
T/F: Mitochondria is part of the endomembrane system ✔- False.
Where are proteins in chloroplast synthesized? ✔- Cytosol and
chloroplast
What transports the components of the endomembrane system ✔-
Vesicles
*What percent of a eukaryotic cell is comprised of cytosol? ✔-
50%, half
Muscular dystrophy ✔- nuclear lamin
Intermediate filaments #7 on Review 17 ✔- Mutation in their
keratin. through Desmosomes. Vimentin
Where are organelle proteins made ✔- Cytosol
,What guides proteins to the correct organelle? ✔- Signal sequences
What proteins do not have signal sequences? ✔- Proteins that
function in the cytosol
Proteins translated in cytosol and lack sorting signal go where? ✔-
Cytosol
Signal sequences that direct proteins to correct compartment are
✔- Encoded in the amino acid
Where does photosynthesis occur? ✔- Chloroplast
**Where does transcription occur? ✔- Inside the nucleus
**Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur? ✔- Inner
mitochondrial membrane
**Where does the modification of secreted proteins occur? ✔-
Golgi and rough ER
**Where does steroid hormone synthesis occur? ✔- Smooth ER
Hormones cross the membrane and bind ✔- Nuclear receptors.
Steroid and thyroid hormones. Hydrophobic molecules
Nitric oxide ✔- Triggers smooth muscle relaxation in blood vessel.
Rapid diffusion across plasma membrane
**Hormones stimulate what ✔- membrane bound G protein.
stimulate adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP
,**Where does degradation of organelles occur? ✔- lysosome
**Where is new membrane synthesized? ✔- New membrane lipids
are synthesized on the smooth ER and inserted into the smooth ER
membrane.
**Where does the breakdown of lipids and toxic molecules happen?
✔- Peroxisome
**GAP ✔- turns switch protein off by promoting GTP hydrolysis
What determines whether a cell will respond to a signaling molecule?
✔- Presence of receptors inside or outside the cell
What is the best signal to send a signal to most cells? ✔- Hormone.
Endocrine signal ✔- Hormone signal. Similar to broadcast on radio.
Long range
Paracrine/ Autofind signal ✔- Nearby cells. Similar to posting a flyer
on a board in a neighborhood
Neuronal signalling ✔- Neurotransmitter delivered @ synapse.
Similar to a phone call/text/email
Direct contact signaling ✔- Cells are in physical contact. Similar to
face to face conversation
What signaling travels the largest distance? ✔- Endocrine
, What type of signaling is local and secretes to neighboring cells? ✔-
Paracrine
Where would a hydrophilic molecule interact with a receptor? ✔-
On the cell surface
Where would you expect a steroid to interact with a receptor? ✔-
Inside the nucleus of the cell
Foreign substances (methanol, morphine) exert initial effects by ✔-
interacting with cell-surface receptors and causing signal to be
inappropriately transduced in absence of normal stimulus.
****How many transmembrane domains do GPCRs have ✔- 7.
GPCRs membrane domains are pharmacologically important (****1/3
drugs today use GPCR)
**Why are GPCRs important ✔- 1/3 of all drugs today work
through GPCR. Also allows for amplification like rods in vision
***2 main types of GTP binding proteins ✔- Large trimeric GTP
proteins and momomeric GTP binding proteins
What type of protein is GPCRs best friend* ✔- Trimeric GTP binding
protein. G proteins.
What contains nuclear localization signals (NLS) that direct transport
✔- Folded nuclear proteins
What is role of nuclear localization ✔- import receptors and cargo
across nuclear envelope. bound by cytoplasmic proteins
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Ascorers. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £9.45. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
