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  7. A2 Unit F215 - Control, Genomes and Environment

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Summary populations and sustainability biology kerboodle notes

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summary notes on populations and sustainability topic from the kerboodle specification, covering all parts of the specification points including 3 examples of ecosystems being managed and mentioned, and 4 environmentally sensitive ecosystems.

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  • Chapter 24
  • June 4, 2024
  • 17
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

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POPULATIONS & SUSTAINABILITY
A-LEVEL BIOLOGY
MODULE 6



POPULATION GROWTH CURVE




1) Birth rate > Death rate

2) No constraints act to limit population explosion

3) Fluctuations in external constraints (birth rate = death rate)

Exponential growth represented on a logarithmic scale b/C data span several orders of

magnitude

Limiting factors




1

,Period of exponential growth when ideal conditions and maximum growth rate

Abiotic: temp, light, pH, water or O2 availability, humidity

Biotic: predators, disease, competition and migration

Carrying capacity: max. population size an environment can support

Density independent factors

Have an effect on the whole population regardless of its size

Eg. natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, volcanic eruptions and storms


COMPETITION

Result of interactions btw living organisms

Interspecific: 2 diff species compete for same resources →reduction in resources
available to both populations

- Less energy for growth/reproduction = smaller populations

Competitive exclusion principle

Less well adapted species outcompeted = decline in number so no longer exist in same

habitat as the better adapted species

Species using resources more effectively will ultimately eliminate the other

Intraspecific

Greater availability of resource = larger population supported

- Increase in size increases organism’s survival chance + reproductive success




2

, 1) Plentiful resource = all have enough to survive/reproduce

Increase in population size

2) Many more individuals share food/space available = limited resources so not

enough available for all to survive

Decrease in population size

3) Less competition:

- Smaller populations means less organisms are competing for the same resources

- More survive/reproduce →population growth

This cycle repeats

Predation

Predator kills and eats prey

Interspecific competition operating btw predator and prey species

Predators have evolved to become highly efficient in capturing prey




3

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