Exam (elaborations)

Portage A & P 1 Module 5 Exam A motor signal is a signal that is sent from a muscle to the central nervous system. - ansfalse, that is sensory input A person sustained a back injury to the muscle group closest to the spine. What muscle group

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Portage A & P 1 Module 5 Exam A motor sign

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Portage A & P 1 Module 5 Exam A Motor Sign

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Portage A & P 1 Module 5 Exam

A motor signal is a signal that is sent from a muscle to the central nervous system. -
ansfalse, that is sensory input

A person sustained a back injury to the muscle group closest to the spine. What muscle
group was injured? - ansSpinalis

Acetylcholine is what type of substance? - ansneurotransmitter

cardiac and smooth muscle tissue are both under involuntary control - anstrue

Contraction of (muscle) results in hip flexion - ansiliacus

Describe how acetylcholine, sodium ions and calcium ions work together to enable a
muscle contraction. - ansAcetylcholine is released from a motor nerve at the
neuromuscular junction. Once there, it binds with receptors on the muscle fiber that
cause sodium ions to be released inside the cell. This causes an action potential which
reaches the sarcoplasmic recticulum. The sodium ions cause calcium ions to be
released from to sarcoplasmic recticulum. The calcium ions cause the muscle
contraction. The myosin heads grab the actin and pull them along causing a contraction.

During a muscle contraction which protein myofilament contains cross-bridges? -
ansmyosin

External oblique - ansfibers run down and forward
origin= sternum, ribs 5-12
insertion= linea alba, iliac crest
action= flexion of the spine, compress abdomen
flexes trunk to same side, rotates to opposite side
innervation: lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves

flexor digitorum superficialis action and innervation - ansflexion of wrist and digits 2-5,
median nerve

Iliocostalis - ansiliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis cervicis
Action= spine extension

Internal oblique - ansfibers run upward and forward
origin= iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia
insertion= inferior ribs, linea alba
action= compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes spine, rotates spine to same side
innervation= lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves

Longissimus Cervicis - ansOrigin = transverse processes of superior thoracic vertebrae
insertion= transverse process of middle and superior cervical vertebrae

, Portage A & P 1 Module 5 Exam

action= extend head, laterally flexes neck to same side
innervation = cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

longissimus group - anslongissimus capitis
longissimus cervicis
longissimus thoracis
action= spinal extension

longissimus thoracis - ansorigin= transverse processes all thoracic, lumbar vertebrae
insertion= transverse process of thoracic vertebrae
action= extend spine, laterally flexes spine to same side
innervation= thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

peroneus brevis origin, insertion, innervation - anslateral, distal fibula, origin = lateral
side of 5th metatarsal, innervation = superficial peroneal nerve

pronator teres insertion, action, innervation - ansmidlateral surface of radius, pronation,
median nerve

Rectus abdominis - ansorigin= pubic crest , pubic symphysis
insertion= pubis, cartilages of rib 5-7, xiphoid process
action= flexion of spine, compression of abdominal viscera
innervation= spinal nerves (T7 - T12)

Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) - ansorigin= transverse processes of C2-C7
Insertion= 1st ad 2nd ribs
Action= elevate ribs 1-2
Innervation= cervical spine nerves

semispinalis capitis - ansOrigin = articular processes of inferior cervical and transverse
processes of superior thoracic vertebrae (T1-T7)
Insertion= occipital bone
Action= extend head, laterally flexes neck to the same side
Innervation= spinal nerve

Spinalis - ansThree divisions: spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis
action= spine extension, stabilizes spinal column and holds up posture

Splenious Capitis - ansorigin= spinous process/ligaments
insertion= mastoid process and occipital bone
action= extend head and laterally flexes neck to same side
innervated= cervical spinal nerves

tendons connect what type of tissue - ansmuscle to bone

, Portage A & P 1 Module 5 Exam

the cervical plexus contains nerves that innervate the thigh - ansfalse

the musculocutaneous nerve is part of the central nervous system - ansfalse, the
peripheral nerve

There are five types of muscle tissue found in the body. - ansFalse, there are 3

Thyrohoid - ansOrigin= thyroid cartilage of the larynx
insertion= hyoid bone
action= elevates thyroid, depresses hyoid bone
innervation= hypoglossal nerve

transverse abdominis - ansOrigin= inguinal ligament, inner iliac crest
Insertion= linea alba, pubis
action= compression of abdomen
innervation= first lumbar nerve, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

True or False the I bands contain thick filaments - ansFalse (I bands contain thin
filaments)

True or False: When a muscle contracts, the Z lines within a sarcomere come closer
together towards the M line. - anstrue

vastus medialis origin, action - ansintertrochanteric line of femur, knee extension

What does the A band contain? - ansthick and thin filaments

What does the H zone contain? - ansthick filaments only

What does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do, origin, insertion, innervation - ansAction
= neck flexion, turns face to opposite side
Origin = sternal end of clavicle and manubrium
Insertion = mastoid region of skull
Innervation = accessory nerve

What facial muscles are innervated by CN VII (facial nerve) - ansOrbicularis oris,
orbicularis oculi, buccinator, zygomatic minor/major, frontalis, risorius

What facial muscles are innervated by the Trigeminal nerve, mandibular branch -
anstemporalis and masseter

What is the insertion for Teres major? - ansIntertubercular groove of humerus

, Portage A & P 1 Module 5 Exam

What is the thick myofilament - ansmyosin

What is the thin myofilament? - ansactin

What must occur for a muscle contraction to stop? - ansCalcium ions must be pumped
back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

When flexor digitorum profundus contracts, what action(s) occurs? - ansWrist flexion
and flexion of digits 2-5

When gluteus maximus contracts, which bone is pulled posteriorly by this muscle? -
ansfemur

When piriformis contracts, what action(s) will not occur at the hip? - ansInternal rotation
and flexion do not occur

Which muscle contracts to enable the main effort required to stand on your toes? -
ansGastrocnemius

Your patient is having difficulty when asked to bring his chin to his chest. He is also
having difficulty turning his face from side to side. What muscle is most likely impaired?
- anssternocleidomastoid

your patient sustained an injury to their facial nerve (CN VII). Which actions would be
impaired? - anseye closure and raising eyebrows
3 forms of ATP production - ansglycolysis
citric acid cycle
electron transport chain

3 layers of skin - ansepidermis, dermis, hypodermis

abdominal cavity - ansContains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs

abdominopelvic cavity - ansabdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Abduction - ansmovement away from the midline

adduction - ansmovement toward the midline

adipocytes - ans(fat cells) found in hypodermis to help insulate the body

anabolism - ansbuilding up

Anatomy - ansstudy of structure

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Exam (elaborations)

Portage A & P 1 Module 5 Exam A motor signal is a signal that is sent from a muscle to the central nervous system. - ansfalse, that is sensory input A person sustained a back injury to the muscle group closest to the spine. What muscle group

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