Portage A & P 1 Module 5 Exam
A motor signal is a signal that is sent from a muscle to the central nervous system. -
ansfalse, that is sensory input
A person sustained a back injury to the muscle group closest to the spine. What muscle
group was injured? - ansSpinalis
Acetylcholine is what type of substance? - ansneurotransmitter
cardiac and smooth muscle tissue are both under involuntary control - anstrue
Contraction of (muscle) results in hip flexion - ansiliacus
Describe how acetylcholine, sodium ions and calcium ions work together to enable a
muscle contraction. - ansAcetylcholine is released from a motor nerve at the
neuromuscular junction. Once there, it binds with receptors on the muscle fiber that
cause sodium ions to be released inside the cell. This causes an action potential which
reaches the sarcoplasmic recticulum. The sodium ions cause calcium ions to be
released from to sarcoplasmic recticulum. The calcium ions cause the muscle
contraction. The myosin heads grab the actin and pull them along causing a contraction.
During a muscle contraction which protein myofilament contains cross-bridges? -
ansmyosin
External oblique - ansfibers run down and forward
origin= sternum, ribs 5-12
insertion= linea alba, iliac crest
action= flexion of the spine, compress abdomen
flexes trunk to same side, rotates to opposite side
innervation: lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves
flexor digitorum superficialis action and innervation - ansflexion of wrist and digits 2-5,
median nerve
Iliocostalis - ansiliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis cervicis
Action= spine extension
Internal oblique - ansfibers run upward and forward
origin= iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia
insertion= inferior ribs, linea alba
action= compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes spine, rotates spine to same side
innervation= lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves
Longissimus Cervicis - ansOrigin = transverse processes of superior thoracic vertebrae
insertion= transverse process of middle and superior cervical vertebrae
, Portage A & P 1 Module 5 Exam
action= extend head, laterally flexes neck to same side
innervation = cervical and thoracic spinal nerves
longissimus group - anslongissimus capitis
longissimus cervicis
longissimus thoracis
action= spinal extension
longissimus thoracis - ansorigin= transverse processes all thoracic, lumbar vertebrae
insertion= transverse process of thoracic vertebrae
action= extend spine, laterally flexes spine to same side
innervation= thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
peroneus brevis origin, insertion, innervation - anslateral, distal fibula, origin = lateral
side of 5th metatarsal, innervation = superficial peroneal nerve
pronator teres insertion, action, innervation - ansmidlateral surface of radius, pronation,
median nerve
Rectus abdominis - ansorigin= pubic crest , pubic symphysis
insertion= pubis, cartilages of rib 5-7, xiphoid process
action= flexion of spine, compression of abdominal viscera
innervation= spinal nerves (T7 - T12)
Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) - ansorigin= transverse processes of C2-C7
Insertion= 1st ad 2nd ribs
Action= elevate ribs 1-2
Innervation= cervical spine nerves
semispinalis capitis - ansOrigin = articular processes of inferior cervical and transverse
processes of superior thoracic vertebrae (T1-T7)
Insertion= occipital bone
Action= extend head, laterally flexes neck to the same side
Innervation= spinal nerve
Spinalis - ansThree divisions: spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis
action= spine extension, stabilizes spinal column and holds up posture
Splenious Capitis - ansorigin= spinous process/ligaments
insertion= mastoid process and occipital bone
action= extend head and laterally flexes neck to same side
innervated= cervical spinal nerves
tendons connect what type of tissue - ansmuscle to bone
, Portage A & P 1 Module 5 Exam
the cervical plexus contains nerves that innervate the thigh - ansfalse
the musculocutaneous nerve is part of the central nervous system - ansfalse, the
peripheral nerve
There are five types of muscle tissue found in the body. - ansFalse, there are 3
Thyrohoid - ansOrigin= thyroid cartilage of the larynx
insertion= hyoid bone
action= elevates thyroid, depresses hyoid bone
innervation= hypoglossal nerve
transverse abdominis - ansOrigin= inguinal ligament, inner iliac crest
Insertion= linea alba, pubis
action= compression of abdomen
innervation= first lumbar nerve, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal
True or False the I bands contain thick filaments - ansFalse (I bands contain thin
filaments)
True or False: When a muscle contracts, the Z lines within a sarcomere come closer
together towards the M line. - anstrue
vastus medialis origin, action - ansintertrochanteric line of femur, knee extension
What does the A band contain? - ansthick and thin filaments
What does the H zone contain? - ansthick filaments only
What does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do, origin, insertion, innervation - ansAction
= neck flexion, turns face to opposite side
Origin = sternal end of clavicle and manubrium
Insertion = mastoid region of skull
Innervation = accessory nerve
What facial muscles are innervated by CN VII (facial nerve) - ansOrbicularis oris,
orbicularis oculi, buccinator, zygomatic minor/major, frontalis, risorius
What facial muscles are innervated by the Trigeminal nerve, mandibular branch -
anstemporalis and masseter
What is the insertion for Teres major? - ansIntertubercular groove of humerus
, Portage A & P 1 Module 5 Exam
What is the thick myofilament - ansmyosin
What is the thin myofilament? - ansactin
What must occur for a muscle contraction to stop? - ansCalcium ions must be pumped
back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
When flexor digitorum profundus contracts, what action(s) occurs? - ansWrist flexion
and flexion of digits 2-5
When gluteus maximus contracts, which bone is pulled posteriorly by this muscle? -
ansfemur
When piriformis contracts, what action(s) will not occur at the hip? - ansInternal rotation
and flexion do not occur
Which muscle contracts to enable the main effort required to stand on your toes? -
ansGastrocnemius
Your patient is having difficulty when asked to bring his chin to his chest. He is also
having difficulty turning his face from side to side. What muscle is most likely impaired?
- anssternocleidomastoid
your patient sustained an injury to their facial nerve (CN VII). Which actions would be
impaired? - anseye closure and raising eyebrows
3 forms of ATP production - ansglycolysis
citric acid cycle
electron transport chain
3 layers of skin - ansepidermis, dermis, hypodermis
abdominal cavity - ansContains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs
abdominopelvic cavity - ansabdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
Abduction - ansmovement away from the midline
adduction - ansmovement toward the midline
adipocytes - ans(fat cells) found in hypodermis to help insulate the body
anabolism - ansbuilding up
Anatomy - ansstudy of structure
