Summary
Summary Organic Chemistry
- Module
- Institution
Covers Organic chemistry that will be assessed in your Grade 11 year in the chemistry section of your Physical Science module/syllabus
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Danetucker
Content preview
ORGANIC CHEMISTRYORGANIC MOLECULES
Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds that consist primarily of
carbon and hydrogen
Atoms of nitrogen, oxygen and halogens are sometimes part of organic
molecules
Organic molecules DO NOT include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,
diamond, graphite, carbonates and cyanides
UNIQUE CHEMISTRY OF CARBON
Have the ability to form 4 strong covalent bonds
Goes through the process of hybridization which produces 4 available
bonding sites
Bond with other carbon atoms to form chains or ring structures, known
as catenation
Has the ability to form single, double and triple bonds with itself
Catenation is the ability of carbon atoms to bond with themselves to form
chain or ring structures
IMPORTANT FEATURES OF CARBON
o Carbon has allotropes e.g. graphite and diamond. Allotropes are
different crystalline structures of the same element
o Carbon will form a maximum of 4 bonds with other elements (valence of
4 and 4 valence electrons)
Process of hybridization:
Ground state excited state
, In the excited state the valence electrons are unpaired (the 2s electron moves
to the 2p orbital. This is process called orbital mixing. The 2s and 2p orbitals
mix together to produce 4 sub-orbitals of equal energy known as sp 3 hybrid
orbitals and they provide 4 bonding sites.
CLASSIFYING ORGANIC MOLECULES
ORGANIC MOLECULES
HYDROCARBONS
Aromatic
Alkanes
HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES
Alkynes
Carboxylic acids Haloalkanes
Aliphatic
Esters Alcohols
Alkenes
THE HYDROCARBONS
Hydrocarbon – a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Saturated compound – a compound in which all of the bonds between carbon
atoms are single bonds
Unsaturated compound – a compound in which there is at least one double
and/or triple bond between carbon atoms
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Danetucker. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £4.43. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53068 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now