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Unit 5 Meeting Individual Care and Support Needs - Task 2 - Distinction
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Unit 5 Meeting Individual Care and Support Needs - Task 2 - Distinction
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P3Consequentialism is a theory that Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill
(1806-1873) wrote about, the theory talks about the actions that are made are only
decided if they were correct or wrong after the consequences that happen. In health
and social care if the professional was using the theory, they would have to look at
the consequences that their choice would have on the wellbeing of the person and
others (Marilyn Billingham, 2016)
Professioanls should make a decision if Aisha should stay at her home or will need
to be moved to a care home where she would be looked after at all times. Her
professionals would have to take into considiration her mental capacity and her living
conditions. Her health visitor noticed that her flat is chaotic and dirty which makes it
easier for Aisha to hurt herself, she also lacks food in her house which means that
Aisha does not look after her diet and is not getting the nutrients that she needs in
her body making her at a hgher risk to get sick again or for her pneumonia to get
worse. Due to her incontinence she needs constant changing however she doesn’t
have anyone that is able to care for her constantly. Her professionals would have to
decide if the best option for her is to be transferred to a care home where is
constantly looked after and is not in any risk of danger, even if she would not be
happy to be moved as she finds comfort in her own house
Professioanls would have to decide what is the best decision for Tremayne and his
cast as he does not like it on since it cause’s him sensory overload and is always
trying to take it off, making the staff unsure if he is ready to go home. They would
have to decide if he should be released to go home or kept until his leg heals,
because if they let him go home to early he might take off the cast and his leg would
not be able to heal properly and cause more problems in the future however if they
keep him in that means he would be unhappy and might have challenging behaviour
during his stay and disrupt other patients, the decision is harder to make if Tremayne
has enough capacity to understand and speak for himself as his rights would have to
be respected.
,Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and W.D. Ross (1877-1971) both wrote about
Deontology theory. Deontology is about following your duties when working with an
individual when deciding to make a decision as this is ethically correct. For example,
a professional should decide universally and consistently who receives what
treatment as every patient is owed good care and the duty to not be harmed
(Haworth, Meeting Individual Care and Support Needs, 2016).
Professionals who work with Aisha should always follow their duties as health and
social workers, which includes complying to the appropriate policies and decisions
that guarantee Aisha's safe and secure environment. Following the Mental Capacity
Act (https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/social-care-and-support-guide/making-decisions-
for-someone-else/mental-capacity-act/), for example, ensures that Aisha receives
the highest quality of care from professionals by ensuring that she has the right to
make her own decisions and is provided with an advocate if she is deemed unable to
make her own important decisions. It is also the professional's responsibility to
determine whether it is best to place Aisha in a care home where she will be
constantly safe.
Depending on the mental capacity of Tremayne the professionals should decide
what is the correct actions to take when caring for Tremayne and he shows any kind
of challenging behaviours. The professional has the duty to keep Tremayne safe
however they also have the duty to keep the other patient safe, this means if
Tremayne does not lack mental capacity and understands that his behaviour is
risking others safety the professionals should treat this as usual such as calling the
police. On the other hand, if Tremayne lacks mental capacity to understand that his
behaviour distresses other service users, they should use their people's skills to be
able to calm him down and get an autism specialist who would know exactly how to
calm him down.
Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress wrote about the Principlism theory. The
theory has four key ethical practices. The first key practice is autonomy, respecting
the decisions that a person may decide to do without interference of others if the
person has capacity. Second key practice is beneficence, keeping a balance
between how to benefit a patient and be able to look after the wellbeing of others as
well. Third key practice is non-maleficence, to avoid harming a patient in anyway and
,be able to see if a treatment will bring too much harm to the patient from the side-
effects. The fourth and last key practice is justice, needing to be fair and following
the law to make sure everyone is being treated with rights.
If Aisha’s professionals use the Principlism theory on Aisha they would have to follow
the four key practices. Through autonomy, her professionals would have respect her
decision to want to stay at home and not be transferred to a care home, however
due to her dementia she is unable to properly look after herself or her surroundings
such as her house and is at constant risk of hurting or severely injuring herself
because of her lack of capacity, her professionals would have to interfere in her
decision making because of her mental capacity and would have to create an
alternative such as live-in carer that would live with Aisha and care for her as well as
making sure her house is clean and not a danger zone to her.
Through beneficence, Aisha’s professionals would need to find a balance that will
allow them to make sure Aisha is benefited from their service and that others around
her are comfortable, such as her neighbour. As Aisha doesn’t have anyone that
could look after her since all her family is dead, her neighbour has said before that
they don’t think Aisha is safe to live by herself, getting care such as a care home or a
live-in care for Aisha would benefit her and her dementia as she is being looked after
and is not in any risk and will also help the wellbeing of the neighbour as they won’t
have to worry about Aisha being in any kind of risk.
Through non-maleficence, professionals will have to make sure that Aisha is away
from any kind of harm, the place that could cause her the most harm would be her
own living space as it constantly chaotic due to her dementia which means it is
easier for her to be hurt, which means her professionals would have to create a
solution on how to keep her away from the harm, such as a care home or live-in
care.
Through justice, her professionals would have to follow different legislations that
would empower her and make sure she is treated equally according to her needs,
such as the Care Act 2014 as through the act it makes sure that her wellbeing is
being cared for and she is not in any way unsafe or feels distressed (McLachlan,
2020), another act that her professionals would need to follow is the Equality Act
2010, this act protects Aisha from any kind of discrimination that she may face
, because of her dementia, such as not being respected or making assumption about
her and her mental capacity.
If Tremayne’s professionals decide to use Principlism theory with him, they would
have to follow the four key practices. Through autonomy, his professionals would
have to respect his choices of wanting to eating his favourite food that is wheat,
however due to his autism Tremayne does not have the capacity to understand why
he keeps becoming ill after eating, because of this his professionals would have to
create an alternative such as gluten free products as this allows him to keep eating
his favourite food, stops him from becoming extremely sick and keeps him happy.
Through beneficence, his professionals would need to be able to find a balance
between keeping Tremayne happy and making sure that other service users are also
comfortable and not distressed, that means that his professionals would have to
think of an idea that makes sure Tremayne is constantly happy and is not having
challenging behaviours, for example getting a specialist for autism as they would
know different way to know how to calm down Tremayne and they would also be
able to give tips for his professionals on how to handle his challenging behaviours
and how to work with his autism.
Through non-maleficence, Tremayne’s professionals would have to keep him away
from any harm that may come his way. A good example would be his cast, his cast
would have to be on at all times until it is ready to be taken off or else his leg would
be unable to heal fast enough or it could not even heal properly at all and bring more
harm to him later on, however due to his autism his does not seem to like the feeling
of the cast on his skin and so he constantly tried to take it off, so Tremayne’s
professionals would have to go with another alternative such as a splint they are
faster and easier to use and are also adjustable if the swelling in the broken area is
bad. (Clinic, 2020).
Through justice, Tremayne is protected under a lot of different legislations such as
Equality Act 2010, this protects Tremayne from any kind of injustice and
discrimination that he could face due to his autism, such as making assumptions that
he’s mental capacity is completely slow or weak. Another act would be
Plato and Aristotle worked on the theory of virtue ethics, which focuses on the moral
character of a person. For example, a professional would be making decisions
depending on their morals and what is the best way for them to treat a patient
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