GNUR 207 Exam II
Bioterrorism - ANS-The use of disease-producing agents as weapons
Reservoirs - ANS-Sources of infection for new sexual partners
Sources of contamination - ANS-Vehicles of transmission
Vector - ANS-Carrier of infection
Nosocomial Infections - ANS-Infections acquired within a hospital
Agent - ANS-Causative microorganism
Host - ANS-Human or animal incubating the agent
Pathogenicity - ANS-Seriousness of a disease
Invasiveness - ANS-Ability of disease to take over host
Virulence - ANS-Strength of disease to spread
Infective dose - ANS-The amount of agent needed to produce illness
Resistance - ANS-Ability to resist a medication
Natural immunity - ANS-Occurs when the individual has been infected with the disease
and develops immunity because of the body's antigen-antibody response to the
infection
Artificial immunity - ANS-Developed through vaccination rather than through exposure
to a communicable disease
Environmental health - ANS-comprises those aspects of human health, including quality
of life, that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychological
problems in the environment
,Environmental justice - ANS-Refers to the disproportionately high exposure of
low-income and minority populations to environmental health hazards, such as air
pollution, hazardous waste sites, pesticides, lead exposure, and unsafe drinking water
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - ANS-Federal agency created to ensure the
protection of humans in different environments
Toxicology - ANS-Study of chemicals and their potential to make humans sick
Fate and transport - ANS-The way in which pollutants migrate from one place to another
Ecology - ANS-the study of living things in relationship to their environment
Exposure assessment - ANS-Assesses the potential environmental hazards should be
included in every individual's health history
Volatile Organic Compounds - ANS-Category that house Formaldehyde
"Right to know" - ANS-Established to the public about specific contaminants released
into our environment
Material Safety Data Sheets - ANS-Chemical information sheets that must be labeled by
employees for their potential hazards
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - ANS-Regulatory agent
responsible for developing regulations and standards
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - ANS-Research
institution under the CDC that develops and implements research strategies to
determine the extent of workplace injuries and illnesses and the efficacy of workplace
intervention to decrease injuries and illnesses
Precautionary Principle - ANS-States that if there is some evidence about the
relationship between toxic substances or environmental hazards and human health,
even if scientific evidence about cause and effect is uncertain, precautionary measures
should be taken to protect the environment and human health
Body burden - ANS-Accumulation of chemicals in our bodies
, Dose response - ANS-Plotted on an X and Y axis showing the extent of biological
damage
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) - ANS-A chronic condition with symptoms that recur
reproducibly in response to low levels of exposure to multiple unrelated chemicals and
improve or resolve when sources of exposures are removed requiring that symptoms
occur in multiple organ systems
Hazardous waste - ANS-Includes infectious wastes, agricultural and industrial
by-products, radioactive substances, flammable products, and chemical agents
Superfund - ANS-Site that has been determined to pose a hazard
Brownfield - ANS-Designated property for redevelopment with concern of past use
being of health risk
Risk communication - ANS-Recognizing that community members may be afraid and/or
anxious
Household hazards - ANS-Lead, radon, or CO
Vulnerable population - ANS-a group or groups that are more likely to develop
health-related problems, have more difficulty accessing health care to address those
health problems, and are more likely to experience a poor outcome or shorter life span
because of those health conditions
Poverty - ANS-people who are poor and have difficulty providing the basic necessities
Poverty Index - ANS-A living standard established by the U.S. where anyone under this
particular income is considered poor
In-kind payments - ANS-governmental subsidies such as food stamps, public housing
assistance, and vouchers are provided
Extremely poor - ANS-People with incomes at 50% or less of the poverty level
Food insecurity - ANS-the condition of people who do not consistently have access to
enough food to allow for active and healthy living
Bioterrorism - ANS-The use of disease-producing agents as weapons
Reservoirs - ANS-Sources of infection for new sexual partners
Sources of contamination - ANS-Vehicles of transmission
Vector - ANS-Carrier of infection
Nosocomial Infections - ANS-Infections acquired within a hospital
Agent - ANS-Causative microorganism
Host - ANS-Human or animal incubating the agent
Pathogenicity - ANS-Seriousness of a disease
Invasiveness - ANS-Ability of disease to take over host
Virulence - ANS-Strength of disease to spread
Infective dose - ANS-The amount of agent needed to produce illness
Resistance - ANS-Ability to resist a medication
Natural immunity - ANS-Occurs when the individual has been infected with the disease
and develops immunity because of the body's antigen-antibody response to the
infection
Artificial immunity - ANS-Developed through vaccination rather than through exposure
to a communicable disease
Environmental health - ANS-comprises those aspects of human health, including quality
of life, that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychological
problems in the environment
,Environmental justice - ANS-Refers to the disproportionately high exposure of
low-income and minority populations to environmental health hazards, such as air
pollution, hazardous waste sites, pesticides, lead exposure, and unsafe drinking water
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - ANS-Federal agency created to ensure the
protection of humans in different environments
Toxicology - ANS-Study of chemicals and their potential to make humans sick
Fate and transport - ANS-The way in which pollutants migrate from one place to another
Ecology - ANS-the study of living things in relationship to their environment
Exposure assessment - ANS-Assesses the potential environmental hazards should be
included in every individual's health history
Volatile Organic Compounds - ANS-Category that house Formaldehyde
"Right to know" - ANS-Established to the public about specific contaminants released
into our environment
Material Safety Data Sheets - ANS-Chemical information sheets that must be labeled by
employees for their potential hazards
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - ANS-Regulatory agent
responsible for developing regulations and standards
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) - ANS-Research
institution under the CDC that develops and implements research strategies to
determine the extent of workplace injuries and illnesses and the efficacy of workplace
intervention to decrease injuries and illnesses
Precautionary Principle - ANS-States that if there is some evidence about the
relationship between toxic substances or environmental hazards and human health,
even if scientific evidence about cause and effect is uncertain, precautionary measures
should be taken to protect the environment and human health
Body burden - ANS-Accumulation of chemicals in our bodies
, Dose response - ANS-Plotted on an X and Y axis showing the extent of biological
damage
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) - ANS-A chronic condition with symptoms that recur
reproducibly in response to low levels of exposure to multiple unrelated chemicals and
improve or resolve when sources of exposures are removed requiring that symptoms
occur in multiple organ systems
Hazardous waste - ANS-Includes infectious wastes, agricultural and industrial
by-products, radioactive substances, flammable products, and chemical agents
Superfund - ANS-Site that has been determined to pose a hazard
Brownfield - ANS-Designated property for redevelopment with concern of past use
being of health risk
Risk communication - ANS-Recognizing that community members may be afraid and/or
anxious
Household hazards - ANS-Lead, radon, or CO
Vulnerable population - ANS-a group or groups that are more likely to develop
health-related problems, have more difficulty accessing health care to address those
health problems, and are more likely to experience a poor outcome or shorter life span
because of those health conditions
Poverty - ANS-people who are poor and have difficulty providing the basic necessities
Poverty Index - ANS-A living standard established by the U.S. where anyone under this
particular income is considered poor
In-kind payments - ANS-governmental subsidies such as food stamps, public housing
assistance, and vouchers are provided
Extremely poor - ANS-People with incomes at 50% or less of the poverty level
Food insecurity - ANS-the condition of people who do not consistently have access to
enough food to allow for active and healthy living
