SPLH 620 EXAM 1 (KU)
what is the nervous system? - ANS-it is a system containing a network of neurons and it
controls body functions
what is the CNS? - ANS-central nervous system - made up of brain and spinal cord,
what is the PNS? - ANS-peripheral nervous system -
sagittal plane - ANS-divides brain into right and left
coronal plane (frontal) - ANS-divides brain into anterior and posterior
axial (transverse) - ANS-divides brain into upper and lower
what are the 2 basic cell types in the CNS? - ANS-neurons (information carriers) and
glia (support cells)
what do neuroglia do in general? - ANS-provide physical support, nutrient flow, and
nerve "housekeeping"
what are the 3 primary types of neuroglia and what part of the NS are they in? -
ANS-astrocytes (CNS), oligodendroglia (CNS), and Schwann cells (PNS)
what do astrocytes do? - ANS-- clean up local debris, including dead neurons
- provide nutrients
- regulate chemical composition of extra cellular fluid
what do oligodendroglia do? - ANS-- provide support for axons
- produce myelin sheath
what is the makeup of myelin? - ANS-80% lipid and 20% protein
what are the nodes of ranvier? - ANS-gaps in the myelin sheath
what do microglia do? - ANS-- smallest glial cells
- protects brain from invading microorganisms
, what do Schwann cells do? - ANS-- support cells
- produce myelin
- each cell provides myelin for one neuron
what is a neuron? - ANS-- nerve cell
- it is the information processing and transmitting element in the nervous system
- 100 to 1000 billion in our nervous system
what are the 3 main parts of a typical neuron and what are their functions? - ANS-1.
dendrites- receive signals
2. cell body- integrate signals
3. axon- conduit to send signals
what are the 3 neuron types? - ANS-sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), and
interneurons
what is a sensory neuron? - ANS-- afferent
- a neuron that detects changes in the environment
what is a motor neuron? - ANS-- efferent
- a neuron that controls contraction of a muscle or secretion of a gland
what is an interneuron? - ANS-a neuron located entirely within the CNS
neuron signaling can be either... - ANS-electrical or chemical
what are ions? - ANS-chemicals in the body that contain an electrical charge
what are the important ions in the nervous system? - ANS-- sodium (Na+)
- potassium (K+)
- chloride (Cl-)
what does it mean that nerve cells are semi-permeable? - ANS-it means that they only
allow some ions to pass in and out of the cell
what is an action potential (AP)? - ANS-the fundamental units of neural communication
what are some properties of APs? - ANS-- stereotyped event (all or none)
- actively propagated down the axon
- reflects the property of the membrane
what is the nervous system? - ANS-it is a system containing a network of neurons and it
controls body functions
what is the CNS? - ANS-central nervous system - made up of brain and spinal cord,
what is the PNS? - ANS-peripheral nervous system -
sagittal plane - ANS-divides brain into right and left
coronal plane (frontal) - ANS-divides brain into anterior and posterior
axial (transverse) - ANS-divides brain into upper and lower
what are the 2 basic cell types in the CNS? - ANS-neurons (information carriers) and
glia (support cells)
what do neuroglia do in general? - ANS-provide physical support, nutrient flow, and
nerve "housekeeping"
what are the 3 primary types of neuroglia and what part of the NS are they in? -
ANS-astrocytes (CNS), oligodendroglia (CNS), and Schwann cells (PNS)
what do astrocytes do? - ANS-- clean up local debris, including dead neurons
- provide nutrients
- regulate chemical composition of extra cellular fluid
what do oligodendroglia do? - ANS-- provide support for axons
- produce myelin sheath
what is the makeup of myelin? - ANS-80% lipid and 20% protein
what are the nodes of ranvier? - ANS-gaps in the myelin sheath
what do microglia do? - ANS-- smallest glial cells
- protects brain from invading microorganisms
, what do Schwann cells do? - ANS-- support cells
- produce myelin
- each cell provides myelin for one neuron
what is a neuron? - ANS-- nerve cell
- it is the information processing and transmitting element in the nervous system
- 100 to 1000 billion in our nervous system
what are the 3 main parts of a typical neuron and what are their functions? - ANS-1.
dendrites- receive signals
2. cell body- integrate signals
3. axon- conduit to send signals
what are the 3 neuron types? - ANS-sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), and
interneurons
what is a sensory neuron? - ANS-- afferent
- a neuron that detects changes in the environment
what is a motor neuron? - ANS-- efferent
- a neuron that controls contraction of a muscle or secretion of a gland
what is an interneuron? - ANS-a neuron located entirely within the CNS
neuron signaling can be either... - ANS-electrical or chemical
what are ions? - ANS-chemicals in the body that contain an electrical charge
what are the important ions in the nervous system? - ANS-- sodium (Na+)
- potassium (K+)
- chloride (Cl-)
what does it mean that nerve cells are semi-permeable? - ANS-it means that they only
allow some ions to pass in and out of the cell
what is an action potential (AP)? - ANS-the fundamental units of neural communication
what are some properties of APs? - ANS-- stereotyped event (all or none)
- actively propagated down the axon
- reflects the property of the membrane
