Timeline of Elizabeth I's foreign policy organised by countries of Spain, France, Scotland and the Netherlands between . This includes defending the protestant movements in France, the Netherlands and Scotland; the events leading up and during the war with Spain.
the Scottish radical
Calvinist John Knox
opposed the French
troops garrison of
Scottish fortresses so
looked for England’s
help
1559 Treaty of Cateau-cambresis ended the
war and declared France could retain
Calais 8 years if peace maintained
Francis II becomes king of France bringing Guise family control
of Scotland and France
Elizabeth is persuaded by William Cecil to interfere even though
minority on the council and a navy is sent to stop the French
landing in Scotland
1560 Francis II dies bringing down the Guise in France relations begin to break
down after Phillip’s proposed
Treaty of Berwick marriage to Elizabeth:
between England and
Scottish Protestants Naval Battle of San Juan de
Ulua due to anger over John
Hawkin’s trades in the
Spanish-owned Caribbean
English troops failed attack French in Leith, Edinburgh but Elizabeth was pressured to support the
French they withdraw for other reasons Dutch’s want for independence against
Philip’s wishes to increase Spanish control
1562 (pressured by Cecil and Dudley of the Netherlands
wanting to ensure return of Calais)
Elizabeth supports the Huguenots
(French Protestants) against the new
French Catholic such as with an army
of 6,000 men, gaining English control
of Le Harve Port
1564 Elizabeth is forced to accept the
unfavourable conditions of the Treaty
of Troyes as isolated by a peace treaty
between the French catholics and
1570 Huguenots Elizabeth’s excommunication
and the Ridol plot further
1572 hostilities Dutch Sea
Beggars
(Dutch
Privateers)
are expelled
from English
ports igniting
revolt
against
Spanish
control
1576 Paci cation
of the Ghent
called for
autonomy
and removal
of foreign
troops from
northern
Netherlands
fi fi
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