D199 Physical Human Geo
earliest maps - Answer- written on clay tablets with stick; figurative maps
Reference Maps - Answer- display the anatomy of a geographic area ex. routes, rivers, bodies of water
thematic map - Answer- maps that emphasize a specific subject area or theme across a geo...
D199 Physical Human Geo
earliest maps - Answer- written on clay tablets with stick; figurative maps
Reference Maps - Answer- display the anatomy of a geographic area ex. routes,
rivers, bodies of water
thematic map - Answer- maps that emphasize a specific subject area or theme
across a geographic area ex. population, vegetation
Early greek maps - Answer- Greeks traveled the mediterranean sea, and created
pretty accurate maps of the surrounding area; among the first scholars to discover
earths circumference.
medieval maps - Answer- (1100-1400) increase in the European use of figurative
mapping to advance religious beliefs ex. T and O map
medieval maps - Answer- Al-idrisi, arab cartographer created accurate literal maps
as he traveled the mediterranean sea
Age of Exploration - Answer- European countries explore; rapid increase in creation
of literal maps for navigation. Maps have more military, political, historical, and
economic value as Europe and Asia staking claims and sailing ships. ex. Map of
Historical Emporor+King+Border+Terrain
thematic map rise - Answer- Late 1600s the use of thematic mapping increases
Analytical mapping - Answer- Creating maps to answer questions Ex. Dr. Snow
maps the spread of cholera in 1854, and discovers the source
Geographic Information System (GIS) - Answer- using computers to create maps.
computers better at analyzing, manipulating, and layering than cartographers.
scale - Answer- map units: real world units
Projections - Answer- turning a 3D lumpy globe into 2d projections
developable surface - Answer- A geometric shape such as a cone, cylinder, or plane
that can be flattened without being distorted. Many map projections are classified in
terms of these shapes.
conformal projections - Answer- accurately depict shape of geographic areas while
distorting area/size; commonly used for large scale mapping wtfm ex. Mercator
projection, geography closer to the poles speaks to be bigger than it is in relation to
geography closer to the equator
equal area projections - Answer- depicts the accurate relative size of geographic
location but distorts shape ex. Galls Peter projection, shows true size but shearing
and compression occurred
equidistant projection - Answer- depicts accurate distance, but distorts shape + size;
useful for mapping flights or earthquake epicenter ex. azimuthal equidistant
projection all geographic areas accurate distance + direction from a center point
compromise projection - Answer- maps that make a compromise to create the least
amount of distortion of each type ex. Robinson projection
interrupted projection - Answer- tears globe into sections to accurately depicts shape
and size but distort distance ex. Goode Homolone Projection 1923- globe in 4
sections
thematic map types - Answer- dot density, proportional symbol maps, and
chloropleth
, Dot Density Map - Answer- each dot/point is same size and represents a value of a
specific feature. dots @ an average location to maintain privacy; help visualize
cluster/density
Proportional Symbol Map - Answer- uses one symbol of different sizes to represent
the magnitude or amount of a specific feature; map makers have to find a balance
between ranging symbol size + limiting overlap; symbol size not affected by land
area
chloropleth map - Answer- uses different hues to depict different amounts of a
specific feature; darker = higher value; easy to interpret, but doesn't depict variations
within specific zones
standardization - Answer- scaling quantities expressed on a map so that information
presented equivalently across all geographic locations; ex. people per square mile
used
frequency table - Answer- A table for organizing a set of data that shows the number
of times each item or number appears.
Histogram - Answer- similar to a bar graph but x variable is a range of one
classification ex. age
bins - Answer- the columns or bard on a histogram
frequency polygon - Answer- instead of bars, one dot place at the top of where each
bar would be, and all dots connected. starts and ends on the x-axis
density curve - Answer- the edges of a frequency polygon are smoothed to make
curves
center - Answer- the midpoint of data, can be determined from shape or from mean
or median
spread of data - Answer- can be symmetrical, skewed left, or skewed right
shape - Answer- the countour of a graph
categorical variables - Answer- qualitative variables such as names and labels
univariate data - Answer- one variable ex. age
bivariate data - Answer- 2 variables ex. life expectancy and GDP
Dot Plot - Answer- dots stack in a line across values on x axis (only 1 axis)
Scatterplot - Answer- each data point plotted as a dot on a (x,y) graph
direction - Answer- the overall trend or tendency of a graph ex. slanting up or down
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