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Summary GCSE AQA Chemistry paper 2 + required practicals
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Topics like organic chemistry, chemical analysis, and Earth's resources are all thoroughly covered in the GCSE AQA Chemistry Paper 2 revision notes. All necessary practicals come with comprehensive explanations that cover methods, observations, and analyses. This helps students prepare thoroughly f...

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  • June 17, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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AQA Chemistry GCSE Required Practicals

➔ MAKING SOLUBLE SALTS

1. Use a measuring cylinder to add 40cm3 of 1M sulfuric acid to a beaker.
2. Gently heat the beaker in a 50OC water bath for 5 minutes.
3. Add a spatula of copper oxide powder to the beaker and stir the solution with a glass rod.
4. Add excess copper oxide powder until it no longer reacts with the acid.
5. Filter the mixture to remove the excess copper oxide, then pour the filtrate into an evaporating basin.
6. Place the evaporating basing above a roaring Bunsen burner flame and heat the copper sulfate solution
to evaporate off half of the water.
7. Pour the remaining solution into a watch glass and leave it to the side to allow all the water to evaporate
8. Dry the crystals by dabbing gently using filter paper.
SAFETY: → Eye protection because sulfuric acid is irritant and copper oxide is harmful
→ Do not allow the reacting mixture to boil

➔ TITRATION (NEUTRALISATION)

1. Use a volumetric pipette to measure 25cm3 of 1M NaOH pour it into a conical flask and place a white
tile underneath it.
2. Add 4 drops of phenolphthalein indicator into the conical flask using a pipette.
3. Using a funnel, fill a burette with 1M HCl and record the initial volume.
4. Open the tap of the burette so that acid is transferred to the conical flask ‘drop by drop’, while also
swirling the conical flask.
5. Close the tap after there has been a colour change from pink to colourless.
6. Record the final volume of acid added and calculate the titre.
7. Repeat the process until you get two concordant results and use this to calculate an average titre.
SAFETY: → Eye protection is worn because NaOH and sulfuric acid are irritant.

➔ ELECTROLYSIS

1. Use a measuring cylinder to add 40ml of copper chloride collusion into a beaker.
2. Place two graphite rods into the copper sulfate solution- attaching one electrode to the negative terminal
of a dc supply, and the other electrode to the positive terminal.
3. Place two small test tubes over each electrode to collect any gases produced.
4. Turn on the power supply and observe what happens at each electrode.
5. Test any gas produced and then rinse the electrochemical cell apparatus and collect a new set of
electrodes before repeating using a different solution.
SAFETY: → Wear chemical-proof eye protection because Cl gas is toxic and CuCl2 is an irritant.
→ Wear nitrile gloves and complete practical in a ventilated room.

➔ TEMPERATURE CHANGE

1. Place a polystyrene cup inside a glass beaker and using a measuring cylinder add 30cm 3 of 1M HCl to
the cup.
2. Use a thermometer to measure the initial temperature of the acid and record this in a table.
3. Using a measuring cylinder add 5cm3 of 1M NaOH into the cup
4. Immediately fit the lid onto the cup and gently stir the solution with the thermometer.

, 5. When the reading on the thermometer stops changing, record the highest temperature that was reached.
6. Repeat this process 3-5 times until a maximum of 40cm3 of NaOH has been added.
SAFETY: → Wear chemical splashproof eye protection and wash hands because NaOH is corrosive and
HCl is an irritant.
➔ RATES OF REACTION → Measuring the production of a gas
1. Fill the water trough and measuring cylinder with water and clamp the cylinder upside down in the
water trough.
2. Set up the conical flask, bung and delivery tube so that the exit of the delivery tube is under the
measuring cylinder.
3. Add 50cm3 of 2M HCl using a different measuring cylinder into the conical flask.
4. Drop 3cm of a magnesium ribbon into the conical flask, re-place the bung and start the stopwatch.
5. Record the volume of gas produced every 10 seconds until no more gas is produced.

➔ RATES OF REACTION → Measuring reaction rate by change in turbidity
Na2S2O3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl (aq) + S (s) + H2O (l) + SO2 (g)
1. Add 50cm of sodium thiosulfate solution into a conical flask.
3

2. Add 10cm3 of 1M HCl into the conical flask using a measuring cylinder, place the flask over a black
cross and start a stopwatch.
3. Record the time when the black cross is no longer visible.
4. Repeat this with different concentrations of sodium thiosulfate.
SAFETY: HCl → irritant → wear eye protection

➔ CHROMATOGRAPHY

1. Use a pencil to draw a horizontal base line, 1cm from the bottom of the chromatography paper.
2. Use a pencil to draw a cross on the centre of the baseline.
3. Use a thin paintbrush to add some of the food colouring onto the cross and allow it to dry
4. Fold the top edge of the paper over a wooden splint and keep it in place with a paper clip.
5. Add 0.5cm depth of water into a beaker.
6. Lower the chromatography paper into the paper, taking care to keep the baseline above the water level.
7. Leave until the solvent front has passed the last coloured spot.
8. Remove the chromatogram and allow it to dry.
SAFETY: Do not eat the food colouring
Be aware of food colouring allergies

➔ IDENTIFYING IONS: Flame Tests
1. Put a clean, dry nichrome loop into a blue Bunsen
flame to ensure it is clean.
2. Put the loop into the sample and put the lop back
into the Bunsen flame and note the colour.


➔ IDENTIFYING IONS: Metal Ion Precipitation
test
1. Add two drops of the solution to be tested into a
dimple tile.
2. Then add 2 drops of NaOH solution using a
pipette.

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