Edexcel A-Level Geography
Superpowers June 2024 human
geography Exam Quiz Study Guide
Superpower - Answer>>Nation able to influence others,
anywhere in world as a dominant force.
Superpower factors - Answer>>Big economy, large military,
influential culture, political power and resources.
Soft Power - Answer>>Persuade others to follow a countries
lead with use of policies.
Hard Power - Answer>>Ability of a country/countries to use
direct military force or economic power to force a country into
submission.
Smart Power - Answer>>Soft power used in a covert way (EU).
Mackinder Theory - Answer>>Idea that hard power important
for world domination . Outdated idea that the Heartland is Eastern
Europe and whoever controls the region controls the World.
Unipolar World - Answer>>World dominated by 1 power (USA).
Bipolar World - Answer>>World dominated by 2 powers with
different ideologies (Cold War).
Multipolar World - Answer>>World dominated by many
competing regional powers.
Neo-colonisation - Answer>>Control through aid, alliance,
TNCs, trade and debt
, E.g. Enforced capitalism in Indonesia and privatisation without
use of foreign forces (yet 1m communists killed).
Hegemony - Answer>>Superpower dominance over others.
E.g. (US military 1m soldiers and $640bn/year, Blue water navy).
Subtle hegemony - Answer>>Power through culture E.g.
Mussolini common sense approach as he entrenched his values
within society.
BRICS Nations - Answer>>Brazil, Russia, India, China and
South Africa
G20 - Answer>>EU and 19 states that compose 85% GDP and
65% population.
Emerging Renewables - Answer>>More investment in green
energy in developing nations. E.g. India produces 35GW and
China installed 15.9GW of onshore turbines.
Emerging Nations Environmental Impacts - Answer>>60%
China's waterways polluted; 690,000 ha of forest lost in
Indonesia; India has 1/2 of worlds most polluted cities.
Japan Lost Decade - Answer>>1980s = GDP higher than UK or
USA until property burst 1989. Economy barely grown since 1995,
suffering with 4.6% interest and ageing population against more
competitive Asian nations.
Rustow Model - Answer>>Economic development growth from
traditional society (Amazon) to high mass consumer society
(USA).
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