NASM CPT EXAM
nervous system - ANS-communication network within the body.
nervous system functions - ANS-1. sensory: changes in the environment
2. integrative: analyze and interpret
3. motor: the neuromuscular response
Central nervous system (CNS) - ANS-brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of the
body
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANS-nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the
body and environment.
subdivisions:
- somatic
- autonomic
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
Somatic - ANS-- apart of the PNS
- serves outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle; voluntary
Autonomic - ANS-- apart of the PNS
- involuntary systems (e.g., heart, digestion).
subdivisions:
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
Parasympathetic - ANS-- apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
- decreases activation during rest and recovery.
Sympathetic - ANS-- apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
- increases activation to prep for activity.
neuron - ANS-functional unit of the nervous system.
- motor (efferent)
,- sensory (afferent)
motor neurons - ANS-- efferent
- transmit nerve impulses from CNS to effector sites.
sensory neurons - ANS-- afferent
- respond to stimuli; transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to CNS.
mechanoreceptors - ANS-sense distortion in body tissues.
Joint receptors - ANS-respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints.
Golgi tendon organs (GTO) - ANS-sense changes in muscular tension.
Muscle spindles - ANS-sense changes in muscle length.
Tendons - ANS-connect muscle to bone; provide anchor for muscles to produce force.
Fascia - ANS-outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle.
Fascicles - ANS-bundle of individual muscle fibers.
Muscle fiber - ANS-cellular components and myofibrils encased in a plasma membrane.
Sarcomere - ANS-produces muscular contraction; repeating sections of actin and
myosin.
Sliding filament theory - ANS-thick and thin filaments slide past one another, shortening
the entire sarcomere.
Type I muscle tissue - ANS-- slow twitch
- smaller size; fatigue slowly.
Type II muscle tissue - ANS-- fast twitch
- larger size; quick to produce maximal tension; fatigue quickly.
Motor unit - ANS-one motor neuron and the muscle fibers it connects with.
Neural activation - ANS-contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation.
,Neurotransmitters - ANS-chemical messengers that transport impulses from nerve to
muscle.
Local stabilization system - ANS-attach directly to vertebrae. Consists of: transverse
abdominis, internal oblique, multifidus, pelvic floor, diaphragm.
Global stabilization system - ANS-attach from pelvis to spine. Consists of: quadratus
lumborum, psoas major, external oblique, rectus abdominis, gluteus medius, adductor
complex, portions of internal oblique.
Movement system - ANS-attach spine and/or pelvis to extremities. Consists of:
latissimus dorsi, hip flexors, hamstring complex, quadriceps.
Axial skeleton - ANS-skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
Appendicular skeleton - ANS-upper and lower extremities, shoulder and pelvic girdles.
Skeletal system functions - ANS-supports, protects, allows bodily movement, produces
blood, stores minerals.
Skeletal depressions - ANS-lattened or indented portions of abone;can be muscle
attachment sites.
Skeletal Processes - ANS-projection protruding from a bone; muscles, tendons, and
ligaments can attach.
Ligaments - ANS-connects bone to bone; little blood supply; slow to heal.
Arthrokinematics - ANS-joint motion.
Non-synovial joints - ANS-nojoint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage; little to no
movement.
Synovial joints - ANS-held together by joint capsule and ligaments; associated with
movement.
Major motion types - ANS-roll, slide, and spin.
Hinge joint - ANS-elbows, ankles; sagittal plane movement.
, Ball-and-socket joint - ANS-shoulders, hips ;most mobile, all three planes of motion.
Weight-bearing exercise - ANS-the best method of exercise to strengthen bones.
Endocrine system - ANS-system of glands; secretes hormones to regulate bodily
function
Testosterone - ANS-responsible for male sex traits.
Estrogen - ANS-influences fat deposition on hips, buttocks, and thighs; responsible for
female sex traits.
Growth hormone - ANS-anabolic hormone; responsible for bodily growth up until
puberty.
Insulin - ANS-regulates energy and glucose metabolism in the body.
Cardiorespiratory system - ANS-cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Cardiovascular system - ANS-heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Cardiac muscle - ANS-shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle; involuntary.
Atria - ANS-smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins
Right atrium - ANS-gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart.
Left atrium - ANS-gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Sinoatrial (SA) node - ANS-located in right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate;
"pacemaker for the heart".
Ventricles - ANS-larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out.
Right ventricle - ANS-pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs.
Left ventricle - ANS-pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
Arteries - ANS-carry blood away from the heart.
