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Summary Coastal Environments (Coral Reefs) - CIE Geography As & A Level £5.99   Add to cart

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Summary Coastal Environments (Coral Reefs) - CIE Geography As & A Level

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Includes: conditions of formation, formation process, their symbiotic relationship with algae and threats to coral reefs (See 'Coastal Environments (Case Studies) - Geography CIE As & A Level' for Coral reefs case studies)

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  • August 2, 2019
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  • 2018/2019
  • Summary
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zanyafechner
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CORAL REEFS


GENERAL:

- Comprised of millions of coral polyps (small marine animals which thrive in colonies)

- When they die their calcium carbonate (limestone) skeletons form a limestone structure
upon which new generations of coral grow

- Reefs usually run parallel to the coastline

- Once established, they can grow 60cm/yr if condition are right

- The are very diverse

• There are 800 types of coral

• They provide a habitat for 25% of all known marine species but occupy only 1% of the
worlds seas



SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP:

- Algae live inside the coral body

- Coral produces CO2 and water in respiration which algae uses to photosynthesise

- The algae produces sugar and O2 in photosynthesis which the coral uses to respire

- If sea temp. rises too high, the alga leave, causing the corals to appear white (bleach) and
then die if algae do not return

- Algae are very sensitive and any changes in their optimum conditions can cause them to
abandon the coral polyp



DISTRIBUTION OF CORAL REEFS:

- Mainly along the line of the equator

- Majority near Australia and Indonesia

- Lots near Central America and East Coast of Africa

- Fringing reefs and barrier reefs found along coastlines, all types found in deep water



CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR CORAL GROWTH:

- Temperature:

• Minimum of 18 degrees C but grow best between 22-25 degrees C


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