Exam (elaborations)
The Special Senses
Exam of 16 pages for the course BIO 245 at BIO 245 (The Special Senses)
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The Special Sensesaccommodation - ANS-ability of the lens to clearly focus on objects at various distances
acoustic (acous/o = hearing; -tic = pertaining to) - ANS-Pertaining to sound or hearing.
ambiopia (ambi- = both sides; -opia = visual condition) - ANS-Double vision caused by
each eye focusing separately; also known as diplopia.
amblyopia (ambly/o = dull, dim; -opia = visual condition) - ANS-Reduced vision that is
not correctable with lenses and with no obvious pathological or structural cause
("dullness or dimness of vision").
anisocoria (aniso- = unequal; cor/o = pupil; -ia = condition) - ANS-Inequality in the
diameter of the pupils of the eyes.
anterior cavity - ANS-contains two chambers: the anterior chamber and posterior
chamber; both chambers are filled with a clear watery fluid known as aqueous humor
aphakia (a- = without, not; phak/o = lens; -ia = condition) - ANS-Absence of the lens of
the eye.
aqueous - ANS-Watery.
Argyll-Robertson pupil - ANS-A pupil that constricts upon accommodation but not in
response to light. This can be due to miosis or advanced neurosyphilis.
astigmatism - ANS-A refractive error causing light rays entering the eye to be focused
irregularly on the retina due to an abnormally shaped cornea or lens.
audiogram (audi/o = hearing; -gram = written record) - ANS-A recording of the faintest
sounds an individual is able to hear.
audiometry (audi/o = hearing; -metry = the process of measuring) - ANS-The process of
measuring how well an individual hears various frequencies of sound waves.
auditory (audit/o = hearing; -ory = pertaining to) - ANS-Pertaining to the sense of
hearing.
,aural (aur/o = ear; -al = pertaining to) - ANS-Pertaining to the ear.
auricle - ANS-cartilaginous flap that has a fleshy lower portion known as the ear lobe
auriculotemporal (auricul/o = ear; tempor/o = temple; -al = pertaining to) -
ANS-Pertaining to the ear and the temporal area of the skull.
barotitis media (bar/o = pressure; ot/o = ear; -itis = inflammation; medi/o- = middle; -a =
noun ending) - ANS-Inflammation or bleeding of the middle ear caused by sudden
changes in atmospheric pressure, as in scuba diving or descent of an airplane
(especially when one has a cold or an upper respiratory infection).
biomicroscopy (bi/o = life; micr/o = small; -scopy = process of viewing) -
ANS-Ophthalmic examination of the eye by use of a slit lamp and a magnifying lens;
also known as a slit-lamp exam.
blepharitis (blephar/o = eyelid; -itis = inflammation) - ANS-Acute or chronic inflammation
of the eyelid margins stemming from seborrheic, allergic, or bacterial origin.
blepharochalasis (blephar/o = eyelid) - ANS-Relaxation of the skin of the eyelid (usually
the upper eyelid). The skin may droop over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are
open.
blepharoptosis (blephar/o = eyelid; -ptosis = drooping or prolapse) - ANS-Drooping of
the upper eyelid.
blepharoptosis (blephar/o = eyelid; -ptosis = drooping) - ANS-Occurs when the eyelid
partially or entirely covers the eye as a result of a weakened muscle.
blepharospasm (blephar/o = eyelid; -spasm = twitching, involuntary contraction) -
ANS-A twitching of the eyelid muscles; may be due to eyestrain or nervous irritability.
blindness - ANS-Loss of the sense of sight, or extreme visual limitations.
cataract - ANS-The lens in the eye becomes progressively cloudy, losing its normal
transparency and thus altering the perception of images due to the interference of light
transmission to the retina.
chalazion - ANS-A cyst or nodule on the eyelid resulting from an obstruction of a
meibomian gland, which is responsible for lubricating the margin of the eyelid.
, cholesteatoma (chol/e = bile; steat/o = fat; -oma = tumor) - ANS-A slow-growing cystic
mass made up of epithelial cell debris and cholesterol found in the middle ear.
choroid - ANS-located in the vascular middle layer of the eye; layer just beneath the
sclera, which contains extensive capillaries that provide the blood supply and nutrients
to the eye
ciliary body - ANS-secretes aqueous humor and contains muscles responsible for
adjusting the lens to view near objects
cochlea - ANS-snail-shaped bony structure that contains endolymph and perilymph,
auditory fluids that aid in the transmission of sound vibrations; houses the organ of
Corti, the true organ of hearing
cochlear - ANS-Pertaining to a snail-shaped structure within the middle ear.
color blindness/monochromatism (mono- = one; chromat/o = color; -ism = condition) -
ANS-An inability to sharply perceive visual colors.
conjunctiva - ANS-thin mucous membrane layer that lines the anterior part of the eye,
which is exposed to air, and the inner part of the eyelids; colorless, but appears white
because it covers the sclera
conjunctivitis (conjunctiv/o = conjunctiva; -itis = inflammation) - ANS-Inflammation of the
conjunctiva of the eye; may be caused by a bacterial infection, a viral infection, allergy,
or a response to the environment.
conjunctivitis, acute (conjunctiv/o = conjunctiva; -itis = inflammation) - ANS-Inflammation
of the mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the front part of the eyeball.
cornea - ANS-continuous with the anterior portion of the sclera; transparent nonvascular
layer covering the colored part of the eye
corneal (corne/o = cornea; -al = pertaining to) - ANS-Pertaining to the cornea.
corneal abrasion (corne/o = cornea; -al = pertaining to) - ANS-A disruption of the
cornea's surface epithelium commonly caused by an eyelash, a small foreign body,
contact lenses, or a scratch from a fingernail.
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