Exam (elaborations)
Chemical Bonding Part 4
Chemical Bonding Part 4
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Chemical Bondingpart 4
❖ BOND PARAMETERS
➢ Bond Length
• The internuclear distance between two bonded atoms is called
bond length.
• Bond lengths are usually reported in picometres (pm). Bond
lengths are measured by X-ray diffraction, and electron diffraction
methods.
us
Pl
e
0) ac
45 i R
31 ar
13 ak
06 h
Sa
• You have already learnt about atomic/ionic radii in Unit 3. Average
bond lengths for certain bonds are given below.
(9
a
im
ah
M
, ❖ Bond Angle
• The angle between the orbitals containing bonding -electron pairs
around the central atom in a molecule or ion is called bond angle.
• The bond angle is expressed in degrees. Bond angle helps in
determining the shape of the molecule/ ion.
us
Pl
• In methane, H – C - H angle is 109028'. The H – O - H angle in water
e
is 104.50.
0) ac
45 i R
31 ar
13 ak
06 h
(9 Sa
a
im
ah
❖ Bond Enthalpy
M
• The bond dissociation enthalpy (∆𝐷 H) is defined as “the enthalpy
change involving the breaking of one mole bonds of a particular
type in gaseous molecules”.
• Thus, the bond enthalpy of H - H bond is equal to the enthalpy
change for the reaction.
• H2(g) → 2H(g) ∆H = 433.4kJmol-1
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