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Summary Medical Finals Ophthalmology Revision Notes UKMLA £5.46   Add to cart
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Summary Medical Finals Ophthalmology Revision Notes UKMLA

This revision material consists of a concise summary of the UKMLA ophthalmology conditions - symptoms, diagnosis + treatment

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  • June 24, 2024
  • 2
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

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OPHTHALMOLOGY REVISION - GP

Chloramphenicol eye drops:
- Hordeolum (stye) with conjunctivitis
- Dacryocystitis
- Bacterial conjunctivitis
- Corneal abrasion

Lid hygiene (warm compresses and mechanical removal of debris):
- Blepharitis - bilateral grittiness
- Hordeolum
- Viral non-herpes conjunctivitis

Artificial tears (hypromellose):
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) - bilateral dryness and grittiness often in elderly,
worse at end of day

Gradual painless vision loss globally, faded colour vision, glare with halos around lights, defect
in red reflex, cloudy lens? Cataracts → phacoemulsification


Unilateral or bilateral gradual painless vision loss centrally, metamorphopsia (straight lines
appear wavy), scotoma, impaired adaptation to darkness? Macular degeneration → Amsler

grid, fundoscopy → dry - antioxidants (zinc + vitamins A, C and E), wet - anti-VEGF injections

Bilateral gradual painless vision loss peripherally to centrally, impaired adaptation to darkness,
halos around lights, headaches? Primary open-angle glaucoma → myopia (short-sighted,

African) → prostaglandin analogue eye drops to increase uveoscleral outflow (latanoprost)

Diabetic retinopathy
- Classification is non-proliferative (NPDR), proliferative (PDR) or maculopathy
- NPDR mild - ≥1 microaneurysm, moderate - cotton-wool exudates, flame and

blot haemorrhages, hard exudates, severe - involvement of all 4 quadrants
- Tx: NPDR mild - observation, NPDR moderate/severe - focal laser photocoagulation,
PDR pan-retinal photocoagulation + anti-VEGF injections

Hypertensive retinopathy
- Keith-Wagener classification is:
- I - AV narrowing and tortuosity (silver wiring)
- II - AV nipping
- III - cotton-wool exudates, flame and blot haemorrhages

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